Nature of Vestured Pits in Angiosperms

Wardrop, A. B.; Ingle, HD; Davies, G. W.

doi:10.1038/197202a0

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The six large somewhat circular deposits are either associated with vestures or with liquid emerging from pores (see text). Vestures continuous with the membrane (Figure 15) have been noted previously (Wardrop, Ingle and Davies, 1963;Wardrop, 1965); vestures may also press against the far side of the membrane resulting in six 'high Spots* appearing on the viewed side, such äs can happen during replica preparation Schmid and Machado, 1963). embedded wood 3 their presence certainly indicates that the cell wall is not very dense and must contain fairly large capillaries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 66%

Studies in Wood Preservation. Pt. III. The Penetration of the Fine Structure of Wood by Inorganic Solutions, Including Wood Preservatives

Rudman¹

1966

Holzforschung

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ff. 4 \ 60 P. Rudman Holzforschung Holzimprägnier ungs s tu dien Teil II. Bewegung von wässerigen Lösungen durch die Tüpfel und Zellwände von Eukalyptus Splintholz Zusammenfassung Eukalyptus Splinthölzer wurden unter Druck mit wässerigen Lösungen einschließlich eines Holzschutzmittels behandelt und die Eindringwege aufgezeigt. Es wird geschlossen, daß der größte Teil der wässerigen Lösung durch das Tüpfelsystem geht, obgleich einige Tüpfel blockiert sind, und daß auch eine Bewegung durch die Z eil wände stattfindet, die aber von viel geringerer Bedeutung ist. Wenn jedoch ein hoher Pro-zentsatz von Zellen vorhanden ist, die nur wenige Tüpfel enthalten, z. B. Libriform-Fasern, wird der Hauptteil des Wasserflusses < «gehindert und dann gewinnt der Fluß durch die Zellwandkapillaren, obgleich nicht größer, mehr an Bedeutung. Es wird angenommen, daß der Fluß durch Zelfwandkapillaren für Flüssigkeiten mit geringer Polarität zu vernachlässigen ist.

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confidence: 66%

Studies in Wood Preservation. Pt. III. The Penetration of the Fine Structure of Wood by Inorganic Solutions, Including Wood Preservatives

Rudman¹

1966

Holzforschung

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“…The similarity between warts and pit vestures in vessel elements has been pointed out already by several authors (cote & Day 1962, Wardrop et al 1963, Scurfi.eld & Silva 1970, Greaves 1973, MeyIan & Butterfield 1974, Ohtani & Ishida 1976, Ohtani 1983. The structures have repeatedly been found to be similar in morphological structure and chemical composition (Baird 1974).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Occurrence of warts in the vessel elements and fibres of New Zealand woods

Ohtani

Meylan

Butterfield

1983

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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The vessel elements and fibres of 203 New Zealand woody species from 81 genera belonging to 52 dicotyledonous families were examined for the presence or absence of warts. During the survey warts were found to be present in 55 species from 20 genera belonging to 12 families but were absent or rarely present in the remainder. With the exception of Pseudopanax and Coprosma the presence or absence of warts was consistent within all the species that were examined of the same genus.

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“…Vestured pits are defined as bordered pits with the pit chamber or outer pit aperture wholly or partly lined with projections from the secondary cell wall (Figs. 1 and 2B) (15,16). Although vestures had already been observed by wood anatomists in the 19th century, the feature was correctly interpreted for the first time by Bailey in 1933 (16).…”

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confidence: 86%

Variation in xylem structure from tropics to tundra: Evidence from vestured pits

Jansen

Baas

Gasson

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

100

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Bordered pits play an important role in permitting water flow among adjacent tracheary elements in flowering plants. Variation in the bordered pit structure is suggested to be adaptive in optimally balancing the conflict between hydraulic efficiency (conductivity) and safety from air entry at the pit membrane (air seeding). The possible function of vestured pits, which are bordered pits with protuberances from the secondary cell wall of the pit chamber, could be increased hydraulic resistance or minimized vulnerability to air seeding. These functional hypotheses have to be harmonized with the notion that the vestured or nonvestured nature of pits contains strong phylogenetic signals (i.e., often characterize large species-rich clades with broad ecological ranges). A literature survey of 11,843 species covering 6,428 genera from diverse climates indicates that the incidence of vestured pits considerably decreases from tropics to tundra. The highest frequencies of vestured pits occur in deserts and tropical seasonal woodlands. Moreover, a distinctly developed network of branched vestures is mainly restricted to warm habitats in both mesic and dry (sub)tropical lowlands, whereas vestures in woody plants from cold and boreal arctic environments are usually minute and simple. A similar survey of the frequency of exclusively scalariform perforation plates illustrates that the major ecological trend of this feature is opposite that of vestured pits. These findings provide previously undescribed insights suggesting that vessels with vestured pits and simple perforation plates function as an efficient hydraulic system in plants growing in warm environments with periodical or continuous drought stress.B otanists have long speculated on the mutual relationship between the structure and function of different wood anatomical features and how ecological conditions correlate with xylem features (1-4). The evolution of xylem vessels has been considered a key adaptation marking the pinnacle of hydraulic efficiency in flowering plants, because plants with vessels generally have higher hydraulic conductivities than plants that rely solely on tracheids for water transport (5). The traditional view is that evolutionary trends of vessel elements have been regarded as reliable tools in the study of angiosperm phylogeny, because vessel characters were considered conservative traits containing a wealth of potentially significant systematic information (2, 6, 7). Although parallel development of vessel characters is generally accepted, recent phylogenetic analyses of angiosperms suggest there have also been some reversals in the Baileyan transformation series (8, 9). Therefore, parallel evolution and reversibility in vessel characters imply a strong adaptive significance of xylem hydraulic architecture.The structure of bordered intervessel pits, which are small openings where the secondary cell wall was not deposited over the primary wall (Figs. 1 and 2 A), permits water flow between adjacent vessels, but pits are also a weak link in pro...

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Nature of Vestured Pits in Angiosperms

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Studies in Wood Preservation. Pt. III. The Penetration of the Fine Structure of Wood by Inorganic Solutions, Including Wood Preservatives

Studies in Wood Preservation. Pt. III. The Penetration of the Fine Structure of Wood by Inorganic Solutions, Including Wood Preservatives

Occurrence of warts in the vessel elements and fibres of New Zealand woods

Variation in xylem structure from tropics to tundra: Evidence from vestured pits

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