Nature of viruses and pandemics: Coronaviruses

Enjuanes, Luis; Sola, Isabel; Zúñiga, Sonia; Honrubia, José M.; Belló-Pérez, Melissa; Sanz-Bravo, Alejandro; González-Miranda, Ezequiel; Hurtado-Tamayo, Jesús; Requena-Platek, Ricardo; Wang, Li; Muñoz-Santos, Diego; Sánchez, Carlos Manuel Fernández; Esteban, Ana; Ripoll-Gómez, Jorge

doi:10.1016/j.crimmu.2022.08.003

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…The influenza pandemics of 1918, 1957, 1968, and 2009 arose from viruses of avian or swine origin that adapted to replicate robustly in humans 1,2 . Likewise, infection of humans with coronaviruses, such as MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, likely resulted from animal-to-human transmission events followed by virus adaptation to the human respiratory tract and other niches 3 . Despite these notable examples, major outbreaks of new viruses could be considered rare given the routine contact between humans and wildlife throughout the world 4 .…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate immune control of influenza virus interspecies adaptation

Denz,

Speaks,

Kenney

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Influenza virus pandemics are caused by viruses from animal reservoirs that adapt to efficiently infect and replicate in human hosts. Here, we investigated whether Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 (IFITM3), a host antiviral factor with known human deficiencies, plays a role in interspecies virus infection and adaptation. We found that IFITM3-deficient mice and human cells could be infected with low doses of avian influenza viruses that failed to infect WT counterparts, identifying a new role for IFITM3 in controlling the minimum infectious viral dose threshold. Remarkably, influenza viruses passaged through Ifitm3-/- mice exhibited enhanced host adaptation, a result that was distinct from passaging in mice deficient for interferon signaling, which caused virus attenuation. Our data demonstrate that IFITM3 deficiency uniquely facilitates zoonotic influenza virus infections and subsequent adaptation, implicating IFITM3 deficiencies in the human population as a vulnerability for emergence of new pandemic viruses.

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Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate immune control of influenza virus interspecies adaptation

Denz,

Speaks,

Kenney

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…La gran mayoría de las pandemias ocasionadas por virus son zoonosis 31 . Es decir, son virus presentes en poblaciones animales que están en contacto con el ser humano y, si tienen la oportunidad y la capacidad, saltan la barrera de especie y nos infectan.…”

Section: Las Pandemias Y Sus Causasunclassified

COVID-19, ¿una nueva enfermedad inesperada?

Escors

2023

Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Navarra

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A finales del año 2019 se declaró un brote de neumonía atípica causado por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 en China. La epidemia se extendió por todo el mundo con mucha celeridad, sin que las medidas aplicadas por los distintos países para contenerla pudieran evitarlo. A principios del año 2020 la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró oficialmente la pandemia, que causó la paralización de toda actividad social y económica a nivel planetario. Esta situación no tiene precedentes cercanos, pero al menos muchos virólogos sabían de antemano que podría suceder. En este comentario tratamos la pandemia de COVID-19 desde un punto de vista histórico, dado que tenemos que buscar su origen no en 2019, sino en el año 2003 con la aparición del primer brote de SARS.

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“…The excess mortality associated with Covid-19 is believed to amount to 18 million from 2020 to 2021, and tens of millions are suffering from long-term physical and mental health problems (i.e., long Covid) . To combat this, a number of antiviral strategies that target the viral infection process have been developed. − As binding of the viral surface trimeric spike (S) protein to the ACE2 receptor on the host cell surface is essential for infectious SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells, , vaccines (including those under development) and several antivirals target this interaction. ,,, For example, neutralizing antibodies (Abs) bind to the S protein and block infectious viral entry into cells. , However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations in the S protein that alter antibody epitopes can allow for evasion of neutralizing Abs induced upon vaccination and/or infection. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyvalent Nano-Lectin Potently Neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by Targeting Glycans on the Viral Spike Protein

Budhadev

Hooper

Rocha

et al. 2023

JACS Au

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Mutations in spike (S) protein epitopes allow SARS-CoV-2 variants to evade antibody responses induced by infection and/or vaccination. In contrast, mutations in glycosylation sites across SARS-CoV-2 variants are very rare, making glycans a potential robust target for developing antivirals. However, this target has not been adequately exploited for SARS-CoV-2, mostly due to intrinsically weak monovalent protein–glycan interactions. We hypothesize that polyvalent nano-lectins with flexibly linked carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) can adjust their relative positions and bind multivalently to S protein glycans, potentially exerting potent antiviral activity. Herein, we displayed the CRDs of DC-SIGN, a dendritic cell lectin known to bind to diverse viruses, polyvalently onto 13 nm gold nanoparticles (named G13-CRD). G13-CRD bound strongly and specifically to target glycan-coated quantum dots with sub-nM K d. Moreover, G13-CRD neutralized particles pseudotyped with the S proteins of Wuhan Hu-1, B.1, Delta variant and Omicron subvariant BA.1 with low nM EC50. In contrast, natural tetrameric DC-SIGN and its G13 conjugate were ineffective. Further, G13-CRD potently inhibited authentic SARS-CoV-2 B.1 and BA.1, with <10 pM and <10 nM EC50, respectively. These results identify G13-CRD as the 1st polyvalent nano-lectin with broad activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants that merits further exploration as a novel approach to antiviral therapy.

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Nature of viruses and pandemics: Coronaviruses

Cited by 9 publications

References 90 publications

Innate immune control of influenza virus interspecies adaptation

Innate immune control of influenza virus interspecies adaptation

COVID-19, ¿una nueva enfermedad inesperada?

Polyvalent Nano-Lectin Potently Neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by Targeting Glycans on the Viral Spike Protein

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