Nature over nurture: Temperament, personality, and life span development.

McCrae, RR; Costa, Paul T.; Ostendorf, Fritz; Angleitner, Alois; Hřebı́čková, Martina; Avia,; Sanz, Jesús; Sanchez-Bernardos, ML; Kusdil, ME; Woodfield, Ruth; Saunders, Peter; Smith, P.D.

doi:10.1037//0022-3514.78.1.173

Cited by 242 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Currently, there is a large body of literature that has evaluated the personality in children which shows a clear conceptual overlap between the traits identified in temperament research and the traits assessed in personality research. As argued by Shiner [43], it might be reasonable to assert that temperament and personality should be seen as the same basic set of traits, the former manifested early in life and the latter manifested later in life [44][45][46]. In the extant literature, all the studies carried out on children have considered the FFM as the theoretical framework of references [47][48][49][50], showing that by the age of 10 to 12 the five dimensions of personality are already recognizable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construct and criterion validity of the HEXACO Medium School Inventory Extended (MSI-E)

Mottola,

Abbamonte,

Ariemma

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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In this cross-sectional study we aimed at: 1) validating the observer (Obs) version of HEXACO Medium School Inventory Extended (MSI-E); 2) establishing convergent and divergent construct validity of the HEXACO-MSI-E; 3) establishing criterion validity of HEXACO-MSI-E. We administered the HEXACO-MSI-E, the Big Five Questionnaire-Children (BFQ-C), the Internalizing and Externalizing scales of Youth Self Report (YSR), some items of the 2019 Middle School Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRB) and some items about adolescents’ values, beliefs, behaviors, and desired features of a possible future job to 1175 adolescents (Mage = 12.03, SD = 0.89) and the observer version of these measures (except for BFQ-C) to 854 parents or legal guardians. The factorial structure and the reliability of the Observer Report of HEXACO-MSI-E were confirmed. Convergent and divergent validity were successfully established with a version of the inventory filled out by parents. Convergent and divergent validity were also established with BFQ-C notwithstanding some only apparent anomalies. Criterion validity was established with respect to four specific groups of criteria collected in both self-report and observer form. HEXACO-MSI-E traits were more predictive with respect to self-report than to observer criteria and the majority were common. Together with the positive results of this study, implications and issues for future studies are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construct and criterion validity of the HEXACO Medium School Inventory Extended (MSI-E)

Mottola,

Abbamonte,

Ariemma

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…In the current study, we examine these questions with data from a large, probability-based, representative sample in Germany. Capitalizing on a multi-wave longitudinal study that annually tracks the respondents' personality over a period of up to seven waves, we investigate whether year-to-year change in personality traits is indeed as rare (e.g., McCrae et al, 2000), reversible (e.g., Ormel et al, 2017), or unsystematic (e.g., Steyer et al, 2015) as dominant theories suggest; or whether it instead occurs more frequently and may entail longer-lasting trait change. Toward this end, we (1) determine the base rate of year-to-year change of varying magnitudes in personality traits in adults.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Base-Rate and Longer-Term Relevance of Year-to-Year Change in Personality Traits

Roemer,

Lechner,

Rammstedt

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Personality traits are assumed to change slowly and incrementally. Recent intervention studies apparently challenge this assumption, showing that personality traits can also change quickly and substantially. However, how frequently do such quick changes manifest in the general population? This study sought to determine (1) a base rate of year-to-year changes in the general population and (2) the extent to which these shifts are related to longer-term change patterns. We examined year-to-year change in Big Five traits with nationally representative data from 7,005 German participants, annually tracked for up to 6 years. Year-to-year patterns exhibited stability and change (e.g., ≥ 1 SD year-to-year change in ≈ 20%). Across participants, year-to-year trait score increases and decreases occurred in equal proportions, suggesting that in a given sample, year-to-year changes in different directions average out. Within participants, however, in all domains but agreeableness, year-to-year changes reliably propagated to longer-term trajectories. While much of the year-to-year change faded away in subsequent years, lasting shifts in individuals’ trait levels remained, particularly upon pronounced year-to-year decreases. Overall, (pronounced) year-to-year changes were relatively common, largely reversible, and yet predictive of individuals’ longer-term trajectories. We discuss how the results bridge set-point assumptions with assumptions of incremental trait change.

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