Nature, risk factors, prevalence, neurotransmitter role, and survival investigation of acute organophosphate (OP) pesticide cases in humans in a tertiary hospital in Telangana, India.

Abstract

Background:Pesticides represent many risks to human and environmental health, but few end-user selection criteria account for differences in risk across compounds. People who inadvertently consume toxins such as organophosphate pesticides were commonly seen in India's tertiary hospital emergency departments. However, the scarcity of knowledge about organophosphorus pesticide toxicity and the pesticide influences on neurotransmitters' role in humans is not reported.Aim and ObjectiveTo investigate the name of the OP pesticide consumed, their severity of the poisoning, and socio-demographic data (N=116, were OP pesticide exposed) and Control group (N=5), were not consume OP pesticide. Furthermore, we estimated the levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine in acute OP poison human plasma and survival and mortality in human suicidal cases with different OP pesticides at general tertiary hospitals in India.MethodsThis prospective studydata (N=116, were OP pesticide exposed) and Control group (N=5), aims on hospital admitted human suicidal attempt cases to examine the toxicity of organophosphorus poisons. The data was collected to explore the socio-demographic characteristics of OP poisoned patients based on source, site, and route of poison, education, occupational status, and purpose of poisoning. ELISA kits determined the estimation of neurotransmitters. GraphPad Prism version 5.0 was used to interpret the data, including Dunnett's multiple comparison analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival plots.Findings/ResultsDuring the three years of this prospective investigation of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning in humans, we surveyed one hundred and sixteen instances of attempted suicide by ingesting OP pesticides. Males accounted for 72.41% of the cases, while females accounted for 27.59%. We observed that, based on the survival plot, N = 75.9% of patients were discharged, and the remaining cases died (N = 24.1% of patients) due to respiratory failure followed by cardiac arrest. Findings suggested that the serotonin levels significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.001) were decreased from 12 to 36 hours, whereas the dopamine levels slightly increased from 12 to 36 hours compared to the control group.Interpretation/ConclusionSuicidal poisoning is induced by a mix of psychological and social reasons; certain poisoning patterns are more common in demographic niche clusters. Based on these findings, this study may aid in deciphering the precise mechanism by which pesticides cause behavioral changes that influence serotonin and dopamine levels in OP poison cases. So the clinician should focus on treatment and maintain the imbalance of these neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine.