Nature's marvels endowed in gaseous molecules I: Carbon monoxide and its physiological and therapeutic roles

Adapting decarbonylation chemistry for the development of prodrugs capable of in vivo delivery of carbon monoxide utilizing sweeteners as carrier molecules

“…With the firm establishment of carbon monoxide (CO) as an endogenous signaling molecule, there has been an increasing level of interest in developing CO-based therapeutics by taking advantage of its demonstrated cyto-and organ-protective effects. [1][2][3] Along this line, the organ protective effects of CO have been demonstrated in injury models of kidney, 4,5 lungs, 6 gastrointestinal tract, 7,8 liver, 9 among others. Because of the gaseous nature of CO, the difficulty in delivering a gas as a therapeutic to patients, and the potential risks it poses to healthcare workers as well as patients in terms of accidental poisoning, there have been intense efforts in developing alternative delivery forms.…”

Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates blood–brain barrier disruption and traumatic brain injury via attenuating macrophages derived exosomes miR-21 release

“…MiR-21 is negatively associated to the BBB in TBI and participates in the disruption of tight junctions 11 , 14 , 51 . The low level of miR-21-5p played beneficial roles in attenuating BBB permeability, neuroinflammation, brain edema, and neurological deficits in TBI rats, suggesting that reducing miR-21-5p may serve as a possible therapeutic approach in the treatment of TBI.…”

Role and Posttranslational Regulation of Cx46 Hemichannels and Gap Junction Channels in the Eye Lens

“…Carbon monoxide (CO) is a metabolite produced by decomposition of heme groups by heme oxygenases ( Yang et al, 2021 ). In general, CO protects against oxidative stress ( Yang et al, 2021 ) and exogenous administration of CO-donors has been used for the treatment of conditions associated with oxidative stress, such as inflammation, sepsis, lung and cardiovascular diseases, and cancer ( Bauer and Pannen, 2009 ; Motterlini and Otterbein, 2010 ; Ryter and Choi, 2013 ).…”

“…Carbon monoxide (CO) is a metabolite produced by decomposition of heme groups by heme oxygenases ( Yang et al, 2021 ). In general, CO protects against oxidative stress ( Yang et al, 2021 ) and exogenous administration of CO-donors has been used for the treatment of conditions associated with oxidative stress, such as inflammation, sepsis, lung and cardiovascular diseases, and cancer ( Bauer and Pannen, 2009 ; Motterlini and Otterbein, 2010 ; Ryter and Choi, 2013 ). In lens epithelial cells in culture the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased in response to oxidative stress ( Padgaonkar et al, 1997 ) and the cell damage elicited by H 2 O 2 was inhibited by the CO-releasing molecule 3 (CORM-3) through the inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation, reduction of ROS concentration, and enhancement of GSH and superoxide dismutase levels ( Huang et al, 2018 ).…”