Navigating Cultural Difference in Planning: How Cross-Border Adaptation Nurtured Cosmopolitan Competence Among U.S.-Taught Chinese Practitioners

Abstract

Traditional planning jobs (30), real estate (11), urban design (9), start-up company (7), investment (6), consulting (6), NGO/think tank (6), technology (5), academic research (3), business strategy (2), civil engineering (1), and fashion retail (1) City of Residence Residing in 8 Chinese cities at the time of interview: Beijing (10), Shanghai (9), Shenzhen (9), Hangzhou (2), Chongqing (1), Nanjing (1), Zhengzhou (1), and Hong Kong (1) Professor Interviewees Total number: 24; all had extensive experiences teaching Chinese students Gender 6 women, 18 men Ethnicity and Experience Professors teaching in mainland Chinese universities: 11 Ethnic Chinese who studied in the U.S.: 4 Ethnic Chinese who studied in mainland China but spent years in the U.S. through academic exchange programs: 7