“…In the context of L2 teaching and learning, two important considerations emerge: (i) fostering inclusive classrooms that address student diversity in learning styles, preferences, interests and needs; and (ii) recognising the evolving nature of language and communication. From these perspectives, effective teaching and learning must actively engage students' prior knowledge, build on their strengths, and explicitly teach multimodality (Yap, 2023). Studies on first language settings have reported numerous benefits of MLP; however, investigations in L2 classrooms contend that an examination‐driven and outcome‐orientated pedagogical approach has rendered the framework less pertinent in such environments (Cope & Kalantzis, 2009).…”