Navigating new horizons: Prospects of NET-targeted radiopharmaceuticals in precision medicine

Abstract

In the evolving landscape of precision medicine, NET-targeted radiopharmaceuticals are emerging as pivotal tools for the diagnosis and treatment of a range of conditions, from heart failure and neurodegenerative disorders to neuroendocrine cancers. This review evaluates the advancements offered by 18 F-labeled PET tracers and 211 At alpha-particle therapy, juxtaposed with current 123 I-MIBG SPECT and 131 I-MIBG therapies. The enhanced spatial resolution and capability for quantitative analysis render 18 F-labeled PET tracers potential candidates for improved detection and management of diseases. Alpha-particle therapy with 211 At may offer increased specificity and tumoricidal efficacy, pointing towards a shift in therapeutic protocols. While preliminary data is promising, these innovative approaches require thorough validation against current modalities. Ongoing clinical trials are pivotal to confirm the expected clinical benefits and to address safety concerns. This review underscores the need for rigorous research to verify the clinical utility of NET-targeted radiopharmaceuticals, which may redefine precision medicine paradigms and significantly impact patient care.