Navy sonar and cetaceans: Just how much does the gun need to smoke before we act?

Parsons, E. C. M.; Dolman, Sarah J.; Wright, Andrew; Rose, Naomi A.; Burns, William C. G.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.04.025

Cited by 89 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In some cases, intrinsic and restricted mechanisms, such as disease or senescence, cause cetaceans to strand; extrinsic mechanisms, in contrast, range across broad geographical scales. Military sonar use, for example, has been implicated in some cetacean strandings [10]; marine pollution, geomagnetic interference and geomorphological features have also been considered as putative mechanisms [11,12]. More convincingly, changes in prey resources demonstrably drive stranding occurrences, and regions with mass stranding 'hotspots' are linked with cyclical large-scale oceanographic and climatic variables [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The high fidelity of the cetacean stranding record: insights into measuring diversity by integrating taphonomy and macroecology

Pyenson

2011

Proc. R. Soc. B.

101

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Stranded cetaceans have long intrigued naturalists because their causation has escaped singular explanations. Regardless of cause, strandings also represent a sample of the living community, although their fidelity has rarely been quantified. Using commensurate stranding and sighting records compiled from archived datasets representing nearly every major ocean basin, I demonstrated that the cetacean stranding record faithfully reflects patterns of richness and relative abundance in living communities, especially for coastlines greater than 2000 km and latitudinal gradients greater than 48. Live-dead fidelity metrics from seven different countries indicated that strandings were almost always richer than live surveys; richness also increased with coastline length. Most death assemblages recorded the same ranked relative abundance as living communities, although this correlation decreased in strength and significance at coastline lengths greater than 15 000 km, highlighting the importance of sampling diversity at regional scales. Rarefaction analyses indicated that sampling greater than 10 years generally enhanced the completeness of death assemblages, although protracted temporal sampling did not substitute for sampling over longer coastlines or broader latitudes. Overall, this global live -dead comparison demonstrated that strandings almost always provided better diversity information about extant cetacean communities than live surveys; such archives are therefore relevant for macroecological and palaeobiological studies of cetacean community change through time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The high fidelity of the cetacean stranding record: insights into measuring diversity by integrating taphonomy and macroecology

Pyenson

2011

Proc. R. Soc. B.

101

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“…In shallow seawater or ports acoustic systems are interfered by multiple sources of noise like industries or boats nearby. In other words, the effectiveness of propagation of acoustic signals is inevitably accompanied by the unwanted effects of multi-path, reverberation, ambient noise and a negative impact on marine life [3] [4]. Similarly, free space optical communications are impractical in shallow waters because the severe water absorption and strong backscatter from suspending particles [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental testbed for seawater channel characterization

Mena-Rodríguez

Dorta-Naranjo

Quintana

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE Third Underwater Communications and Networking Conference (UComms)

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Abstract-Shallow seawaters are problematic for acoustic and optical communications. Sensor networks based on electromagnetic (EM) communications are evaluated in this environment. In order to characterize the subaquatic channel, several measurement systems have been designed, built and tested in the sea obtaining very reliable results. Experiments carried out with dipoles and loop antennas showed serious disagreement with the state of the art, especially when dipole antennas are used. Dipoles performance was poor while magnetic loops showed relevant results. Measurement system is described in detail and real attenuation of the subaquatic channel is obtained for several distances and antennas. Finally, measured and simulated results are compared with good agreement.

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“…sea turtles) (Klima et al, 1988;McCauley et al, 1999McCauley et al, , 2000. Some high energy sound sources have been, in fact, correlated to mortality events of marine mammals, the majority of these involving atypical mass strandings of beaked whales (D'Amico et al, 2009;Evans and Miller, 2004;Freitas, 2004;Frantzis, 1998;Martín Martel, 2002;Martín et al, 2004;Parsons et al, 2008;Simmonds and Lopez-Jurado, 1991). Beaked whales represent one of the groups of large marine mammals whose behavior and ecology is largely unknown (MacLeod and Mitchell, 2006;MacLeod and D'Amico, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reports of gas and fat emboli in beaked whales stranded during naval sonar exercises (Fernández et al, 2005) have led to the hypothesis that their diving behavior may make them especially vulnerable to decompression sickness (Wright et al, 2011;Zimmer and Tyack, 2007). Even though the overall knowledge about beaked whale biology is increasing with recent studies, the exact mechanisms by which anthropogenic sound production may affect beaked whales are still unclear (Cox et al, 2006;MacLeod and D'Amico, 2006;Parsons et al, 2008). According to D'Amico et al (2009) the majority of beaked whale strandings do not apparently correlate in space and time with naval activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk mapping for sensitive species to underwater anthropogenic sound emissions: Model development and validation in two Mediterranean areas

Azzellino

Lanfredi

D’Amico

et al. 2011

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Azzellino, Arianna; Lanfredi, C.; D' Amico, A.; Pavan, G.; Podestà, M.; and Haun, J., "Risk mapping for sensitive species to underwater anthropogenic sound emissions: Model development and validation in two Mediterranean areas" (2011 a b s t r a c tRecent observations of cetacean mass strandings, coincident with anthropogenic sounds emissions, have raised concerns on the potential environmental impact of underwater noise. Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) was reported in all the cited stranding events. Within the NATO Marine Mammal Risk Mitigation project (MMRM), multiple interdisciplinary sea trials have been conducted in the Mediterranean Sea with the objective of developing tools and procedures to mitigate the impact of underwater sound emissions. During these cruises, visual observations, passive acoustic detections and environmental data were collected. The aim of this study was to evaluate ''a priori'' predictions of Cuvier's beaked whale presence in the Alboran Sea, using models developed in the Ligurian Sea that employ bathymetric and chlorophyll features as predictors. The accuracy of these predictions was found adequate and elements are given to account for the uncertainties associated to the use of models developed in areas different from their calibration site.

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Navy sonar and cetaceans: Just how much does the gun need to smoke before we act?

Cited by 89 publications

References 43 publications

The high fidelity of the cetacean stranding record: insights into measuring diversity by integrating taphonomy and macroecology

The high fidelity of the cetacean stranding record: insights into measuring diversity by integrating taphonomy and macroecology

Experimental testbed for seawater channel characterization

Risk mapping for sensitive species to underwater anthropogenic sound emissions: Model development and validation in two Mediterranean areas

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