NaYbF₄nanoparticles as near infrared light excited inorganic photosensitizers for deep penetration in photodynamic therapy

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive therapy with many advantages over other therapeutic methods, but it is restricted to treat superficial cancers due to the shallow tissue penetration of visible light. The biological window in the near infrared region (NIR) offers hope to extend the penetration depth, but there is no natural NIR excited photosensitizer. Here, we report a novel photosensitizer: NaYbF nanoparticles (NPs). By using a 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) sensor, we show that the Yb ions can absorb the NIR light and transfer energy directly to oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). The efficiency of transferring energy to oxygen by NaYbF NPs is comparable to that of traditional photosensitizers. We have carried out PDT both in vitro and in vivo based on NaYbF NPs; the results demonstrate that NaYbF NPs are indeed an effective NIR photosensitizer, which can help extend the application of PDT to solid tumors owing to the much deeper penetration depth of NIR light.

Highly Effective and Noninvasive Near‐Infrared Eradication of a Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm on Implants by a Photoresponsive Coating within 20 Min

“…After fixed with 200 µL of glutaraldehyde (2.5%) for 4 h, the cells were dehydrated in alcohol with gradient concentrations (10,20,50,75,80,95, and 100%) sequentially. After fixed with 200 µL of glutaraldehyde (2.5%) for 4 h, the cells were dehydrated in alcohol with gradient concentrations (10,20,50,75,80,95, and 100%) sequentially.…”

“…After 5 min of irradiation, the surface temperatures of Ti-MoS 2 and Ti-MoS 2 -IPR increased to 49.2 and 50.6 °C, respectively. [49,50] For the Ti and Ti-MoS 2 groups, the UV absorption peaks of DPBF solution showed negligible changes after irradiation for 100 s under NIR light (0.5 W cm −2 ) ( Figure 3D,E) or after treatment in the dark ( Figure S11A,B, Supporting Information) for 100 s. By contrast, the absorption intensity decreased gradually for Ti-MoS 2 -IPR sample with light irradiation (0.5 W cm −2 ) ( Figure 3F Figure S11D (Supporting Information), indicating that the dye was very thermally stable. As shown in Figure 3C, the corresponding photothermal images of the samples demonstrated the significant photothermal conversion efficiency of Ti-MoS 2 -IPR.…”

Integration of IR‐808 Sensitized Upconversion Nanostructure and MoS2 Nanosheet for 808 nm NIR Light Triggered Phototherapy and Bioimaging

“…So to achieve an ideal NIR‐mediated PDT agent, three major factors of light excitation, photosensitizers, and oxygen should be considered . Among various UCNPs for transducing NIR photons to visible exciting lights, the Yb 3+ ‐sensitized nanoparticles are most commonly studied for 980 nm light‐mediated PDT . However, these particles have a narrow and weak absorption band at 980 nm by the quantized electron transition between the energy levels of 2 F 7/2 and 2 F 5/2 in the Yb 3+ ion .…”

Recent Progress in Near Infrared Light Triggered Photodynamic Therapy

“…Other emerging inorganic nanoparticles exploited for NIR light activated PDT, such as lanthanide‐doped mesoporous silica frameworks (EuGdO x @MSF), NaYbF 4 NPs, Cs x WO 3 nanorods, and Cu 2 (OH)PO 4 quantum dots (QDs), have been brought to the light. Table 2 shows recent examples of inorganic nanoparticles applicable for NIR light activated PDT.…”