NbN superconducting nanowire photon counters: magnetoconductivity and other detector properties

Engel, A.; Bartolf, Holger; Gomez, Luis B.; Semenov, A. D.; Ilin, K.; Schilling, Andreas; Hübers, Heinz‐Wilhelm; Siegel, M.; Young, B. A.; Cabrera, B.; Miller, Aaron J.

doi:10.1063/1.3292452

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It has soon been realized that this model results in quantitative inconsistencies when applied to experimental data [74]. However, the strongest argument against it comes from the observed linear energy-current relation (5), which is incompatible with (7).…”

Section: Normal-core Hotspot Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The superconducting structure can, for example, be imbedded into an optical cavity to increase the probability for photon absorption in the superconducting structure for a particular wavelength range [4,[17][18][19]. The absorption of the photon results in one electron being excited into an unoccupied state in the conduction band 5 . This excitation will relax and result in a local disturbance of the superconducting equilibrium state and the formation of an initial normal-conducting domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thickness d is typically about the same as the superconducting Ginzburg-Landau coherence length ξ GL , whereas the width w is most often a factor of 10 or more larger. Only very close to the critical temperature T c or for a few devices that were fabricated with extremely narrow strips does the width become comparable to the coherence length, and one might see the emergence of one-dimensional (1D) effects [5,6]. In recent years many experimental studies have investigated the physics of the detection process in SNSPDs and several theoretical models have been proposed to describe the microscopic detection mechanism.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection mechanism of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors

Engel¹,

Renema²,

Ilin³

et al. 2015

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

149

111

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Abstract. In this paper we intend to give a comprehensive description of the current understanding of the detection mechanism in superconducting nanowire singlephoton detectors. We will review key experimental results related to the detection mechanism, e.g. the variations of the detection probability as a function of bias current, temperature or magnetic field. Commonly used detection models will be introduced and we will analyze their predictions in view of the experimental observations. Although none of the proposed detection models is able to describe all experimental data, it is becoming increasingly clear that vortices are essential for the formation of the initial normal-conducting domain that triggers a detection event.

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Section: Normal-core Hotspot Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection mechanism of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors

Engel¹,

Renema²,

Ilin³

et al. 2015

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

149

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2,10 Our goal in this paper is to present theoretical calculations of the kinetic inductance for all temperatures and for all currents up to the depairing current for sample dimensions and properties applicable to present experimental studies of SSPDs 7,17 and micro-resonators. 2 Because these studies have used thin high-resistance films of NbN, 1,2,[7][8][9]18 Nb, 2 NbTiN, 19 and TaN 20,21 in the dirty limit, we adopt an isotropic s-wave BCS description, although many of our results can be extended to apply under more general assumptions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic impedance and depairing in thin and narrow superconducting films

Clem

Kogan

2012

Phys. Rev. B

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We use both Eilenberger-Usadel and Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory to calculate the superfluid's temperature-dependent kinetic inductance for all currents up to the depairing current in thin and narrow superconducting films. The calculations apply to BCS weak-coupling superconductors with isotropic gaps and transport mean-free paths much less than the BCS coherence length. The kinetic inductance is calculated for the response to a small alternating current when the film is carrying a dc bias current. In the slow-experiment/fast-relaxation limit, in which the superconducting order parameter quasistatically follows the time-dependent current, the kinetic inductance diverges as the bias current approaches the depairing value. However, in the fast-experiment/slow-relaxiation limit, in which the the superconducting order parameter remains fixed at a value corresponding to the dc bias current, the kinetic inductance rises to a finite value at the depairing current. We then use time-dependent GL theory to calculate the kinetic impedance of the superfluid, which includes not only the kinetic reactance but also the kinetic resistance of the superfluid arising from dissipation due to order-parameter relaxation. The kinetic resistance is largest for angular frequencies $\omega$ obeying $\omega \tau_s > 1$, where $\tau_s$ is the order-parameter relaxation time, and for bias currents close to the depairing current. We also include the normal fluid's contribution to dissipation in deriving an expression for the total kinetic impedance. The Appendices contain many details about the temperature-dependent behavior of superconductors carrying current up to the depairing value.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures, many changes made following referee suggestions, new material added regarding normal-fluid dissipatio

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NbN superconducting nanowire photon counters: magnetoconductivity and other detector properties

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

Detection mechanism of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors

Detection mechanism of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors

Kinetic impedance and depairing in thin and narrow superconducting films

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