NCEP-ATPIII-Defined Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Prevalence of Hypogonadism in Male Patients with Sexual Dysfunction

Corona, Giovanni; Mannucci, Edoardo; Petrone, Luisa; Balercia, Giancarlo; Paggi, Francesca; Fisher, Alessandra D.; Lotti, Francesco; Chiarini, Valerio; Fedele, Domenico; Forti, Gianni; Maggi, Mario

doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00529.x

Cited by 104 publications

(97 citation statements)

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“…17,34,35 In contrast, other studies correlated lower HDL-c and higher triglyceride levels were significantly with LST in T2DMs. 9,36 In the present study, smoker ratio was significantly higher in MHG patient but regression analysis showed no significant correlation between smoking and MHG, The relation of smoking with testosterone was controversial, some studies had shown a positive association between smoking and total or FT levels, also smoking cessation decreased testosterone levels in men followed for idiopathic infertility, while some studies found no association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Prevalence and predictors for low total testosterone levels among male type 2 diabetic patients: an Egyptian experience

Aboelnaga

Elshahawy

2016

Int J Res Med Sci

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INTRODUCTIONDiabetes mellitus (DM) affects an estimated 285 million people worldwide. This number is expected to reach 438 million by the year 2030.1 On the other hand, Male hypogonadism (MHG) is a clinical syndrome that results from failure to produce physiological concentrations of testosterone. 2MHG is significantly associated with various comorbidities reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, increased adiposity, low energy and fatigue.3 Muscle weakness and low bone mass, Depression, anxiety loss of libido, and erectile dysfunction and decreased quality, abnormal lipid profile, CVS pathophysiologic change. [4][5][6][7] The association between low serum testosterone (LST) and diabetes (DM) has recently received substantial attention; studies have reported that male patients with ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects an estimated 285 million people worldwide. This number is expected to reach 438 million by the year 2030. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of male hypogonadism among Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes and to identify the risk factors may be associated with low serum testosterone concentrations in men with type 2 diabetes. Methods: 140 male patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited in this cross-sectional study. This study WAS conducted from January 2012 to January 2016 in the endocrinology and metabolism unit, Mansoura University, Egypt. Results: We found 48 (34.2%) patients with hypogonadism (defined as TT ≤300 ng/dl) among 140 male patients with type 2 diabetes. 7 out of 48 (14.5%) patients with TT ≤300 ng/dl had high abnormal gondotrophins hormones levels while 41 patients out of 48 (85.5%) had normal gondotrophins hormones levels. We found BMI, WC, Hba1c, UACR, retinopathy ratio, nephropathy ratio, smoker ratio and patient on insulin therapy ratio were increased in the low TT group with statistically significance, but non statistically significant difference in age, diabetic duration, FSH, LH, Prolactin and lipid profile. In this study by using Pearson correlation, we found a statistically significant correlation between TT levels with BMI, WC, FSH, LH, Hba1c, and UACR (P value<0.05). Also by using stepwise multiple regression analysis, we found BMI, WC, LH, Hba1c, and UACR were statistically significant predictors of TT levels. In logistic regression analysis, we found Hba1c, UACR, and WC were statistically significant risk factors for MHG. Conclusions: Visceral obesity, higher Hba1c, and degree of albuminuria are independent risk factors for hypogonadism in Egyptian male patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Prevalence and predictors for low total testosterone levels among male type 2 diabetic patients: an Egyptian experience

Aboelnaga

Elshahawy

2016

Int J Res Med Sci

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“…53 Diabetes is clearly related to hypogonadism, and studies have shown that 20-50% of men with type 2 diabetes mellitus have low serum total or free testosterone. [54][55][56][57] The low serum testosterone levels are associated with lower serum LH and FSH levels, suggesting that the lower serum testosterone levels is due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in type 2…”

Section: Obesity Metabolic Syndrome Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Lomentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, low testosterone levels and erectile dysfunction

et al. 2008

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Obesity is an important risk factor for many common diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, cancer and erectile dysfunction (ED). Adipose tissues produce a number of adipokines and cytokines, which affect endothelial and metabolic function resulting in insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome (risks factors for CVD). Both ED and metabolic syndrome improve with a reduction in body mass index (BMI). The relationships among obesity, metabolic syndrome, ED, sex hormonebinding globulin (SHBG) and serum total and free testosterone levels are complex and often confusing to the physician. It is known that BMI is inversely proportional to serum total testosterone concentrations; low serum SHBG levels in obesity contribute to the low serum total testosterone. Recent studies show that BMI is also inversely proportional to free testosterone concentration. The characteristic low serum testosterone concentrations observed in obese men are also present in men with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A small proportion of men with ED have hypogonadism; however, the proportion increases if these men are obese with manifestations of the metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus. ED is a common symptom in patients with type 2 diabetes who also have low testosterone levels. This review describes the relationships between low serum testosterone concentrations and ED in obese patients and those with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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“…[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] In addition to poor QoL, both GHD and hypogonadism can contribute to decreased lean body mass, increased fat mass (in particular, visceral fat), and poor exercise capacity that further contribute to poor QoL, obesity, and MetS, increasing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. 51,54,57,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] Studies have shown that MetS is associated with, and predicts the development of, low serum testosterone levels in men. 62,64,65,71 Five of 6 subjects with hypogonadism had MetS and obesity.…”

Section: Previous Studies On Postconcussive Hypopituitarismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Pituitary Hormone Dysfunction, Metabolic Syndrome, and Impaired Quality of Life in Retired Professional Football Players: A Prospective Study

Kelly

Chaloner

Evans

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Hypopituitarism is common after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Herein, we address the association between mild TBI (mTBI) and pituitary and metabolic function in retired football players. Retirees 30-65 years of age, with one or more years of National Football League (NFL) play and poor quality of life (QoL) based on Short Form 36 (SF-36) Mental Component Score (MCS) were prospectively enrolled. Pituitary hormonal and metabolic syndrome (MetS) testing was performed. Using a glucagon stimulation test, growth hormone deficiency (GHD) was defined with a standard cut point of 3 ng/mL and with a more stringent body mass index (BMI)-adjusted cut point. Subjects with and without hormonal deficiency (HD) were compared in terms of QoL, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scores, metabolic parameters, and football career data. Of 74 subjects, 6 were excluded because of significant non-football-related TBIs. Of the remaining 68 subjects (mean age, 47.3 -10.2 years; median NFL years, 5; median NFL concussions, 3; mean BMI, 33.8 -6.0), 28 (41.2%) were GHD using a peak GH cutoff of < 3 ng/mL. However, with a BMI-adjusted definition of GHD, 13 of 68 (19.1%) were GHD. Using this BMI-adjusted definition, overall HD was found in 16 (23.5%) subjects: 10 (14.7%) with isolated GHD; 3 (4.4%) with isolated hypogonadism; and 3 (4.4%) with both GHD and hypogonadism. Subjects with HD had lower mean scores on the IIEF survey ( p = 0.016) and trended toward lower scores on the SF-36 MCS ( p = 0.113). MetS was present in 50% of subjects, including 5 of 6 (83%) with hypogonadism, and 29 of 62 (46.8%) without hypogonadism ( p = 0.087). Age, BMI, median years in NFL, games played, number of concussions, and acknowledged use of performance-enhancing steroids were similar between HD and non-HD groups. In summary, in this cohort of retired NFL players with poor QoL, 23.5% had HD, including 19% with GHD (using a BMI-adjusted definition), 9% with hypogonadism, and 50% had MetS. Although the cause of HD is unclear, these results suggest that GHD and hypogonadism may contribute to poor QoL, erectile dysfunction, and MetS in this population. Further study of pituitary function is warranted in athletes sustaining repetitive mTBI.

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NCEP-ATPIII-Defined Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Prevalence of Hypogonadism in Male Patients with Sexual Dysfunction

Cited by 104 publications

References 58 publications

Prevalence and predictors for low total testosterone levels among male type 2 diabetic patients: an Egyptian experience

Prevalence and predictors for low total testosterone levels among male type 2 diabetic patients: an Egyptian experience

Obesity, low testosterone levels and erectile dysfunction

Prevalence of Pituitary Hormone Dysfunction, Metabolic Syndrome, and Impaired Quality of Life in Retired Professional Football Players: A Prospective Study

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