Neanderthals and modern humans in eastern europe

Hoffecker, John F.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6505(1999)7:4<129::aid-evan3>3.0.co;2-g

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Regular hunting of medium and large mammals and a diet high in meat is hardly surprising among the European Neanderthals of the Last Glacial, whose caloric requirements must have been high -possibly comparable to that of modern arctic peoples. Their apparent lack of technological adaptations to cold temperatures, such as tailored clothing and insulated shelters, may have placed further stress on their energy budget (Coon, 1962;Hoffecker, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mousterian hunting patterns in the northwestern Caucasus and the ecology of the Neanderthals

Hoffecker

Cleghorn

2000

Int. J. Osteoarchaeol.

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The northwestern Caucasus contains a group of cave and open-air sites occupied by Neanderthals during the early and middle phases of the Last Glacial (OIS 4 -3). These sites vary widely in terms of topographic setting, elevation, artifacts, and associated faunal remains. Both medium and large mammals (goat, sheep, and bison) were probably hunted at Mezmaiskaya Cave (1300 m above sea level), as indicated by the number and location of tool marks on the bones and prime-dominated age mortality profiles. Medium and large mammals (bison and other ungulates) may have been hunted at Il'skaya (100 m above sea level) and Barakaevskaya Cave (900 m above sea level), which also yield prime-dominated mortality profiles. There is no compelling evidence for hominid scavenging. The sites appear to exhibit variations in function and seasonality, and may reflect scheduled exploitation of seasonally abundant resources in different altitudinal zones on the northern slope of the Caucasus Mountains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mousterian hunting patterns in the northwestern Caucasus and the ecology of the Neanderthals

Hoffecker

Cleghorn

2000

Int. J. Osteoarchaeol.

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“…The fact that humans were successful in colonizing high-latitude ecologies where plant foods are not abundant and are available only for short periods also demonstrates the important role that men play in the energetics of reproduction. It is also interesting that many Neanderthal and early Homo sapiens are found at high latitudes where plant consumption was minimal and, in some cases, where even fuel and residential construction were provided by animal products (see Hoffecker 44 for a review of east European sites). Moreover, some archeological sites beginning with Homo ergaster (for example, Boxgrove, England 45 ) contain super-abundant animal remains and evidence of spears and other hunting tools, but no evidence of plant consumption.…”

Section: Hunting and The Role Of Men In Human Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A theory of human life history evolution: Diet, intelligence, and longevity

et al. 2000

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“…This range expansion, associated with Homo heidelbergensis, occurred principally during the warm interglacial periods beginning *500,000 years ago. These hominids were able to settle in a range of environmental settings (e.g., temperate woodlands and cold steppe biomes), including outlying areas of central Europe, as represented by the 500,000-year-old site of Korolevo from the Carpathian Mountains of Ukraine (at about 488N) (Hoffecker, 1999;Roebroeks, 2006). The climatically favorable Mediterranean region of southern Europe was apparently inhabited considerably earlier in time, as represented by *800,000-year-old fossils from the TD6 component of Atapuerca, Spain and the Ceprano (Italy) calvaria (Bermú dez de Castro et al, 1997;Falguères et al, 1999;Manzi et al, 2001).…”

Section: The Settlement Of Northern Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive dimensions of health research among indigenous Siberians

Snodgrass

Sorensen

Tarskaia

et al. 2007

American J Hum Biol

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Present evidence suggests that modern humans were the first hominid species to successfully colonize high-latitude environments (> or =55 degrees N). Given evidence for a recent (<200,000 years) lower latitude naissance of modern humans, the global dispersal and successful settlement of arctic and subarctic regions represent an unprecedented adaptive shift. This adaptive shift, which included cultural, behavioral, and biological dimensions, allowed human populations to cope with the myriad environmental stressors encountered in circumpolar regions. Although unique morphological and physiological adaptations among contemporary northern residents have been recognized for decades, human biologists are only now beginning to consider whether biological adaptations to regional environmental conditions influence health changes associated with economic modernization and lifestyle change. Recent studies have documented basal metabolic rates (BMRs) among indigenous Siberian populations that are systematically elevated compared to lower latitude groups; this metabolic elevation apparently is a physiological adaptation to cold stress experienced in the circumpolar environment. Important health implications of metabolic adaptation are suggested by research with the Yakut (Sakha), Evenki, and Buriat of Siberia. BMR is significantly positively correlated with blood pressure, independently of body size, body composition, and various potentially confounding variables (e.g., age and smoking). Further, this research has documented a significant negative association between BMR and LDL cholesterol, which remains after controlling for potential confounders; this suggests that high metabolic turnover among indigenous Siberians has a protective effect with regard to plasma lipid levels. These results underscore the importance of incorporating an evolutionary approach into health research among northern populations.

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Neanderthals and modern humans in eastern europe

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Mousterian hunting patterns in the northwestern Caucasus and the ecology of the Neanderthals

Mousterian hunting patterns in the northwestern Caucasus and the ecology of the Neanderthals

A theory of human life history evolution: Diet, intelligence, and longevity

Adaptive dimensions of health research among indigenous Siberians

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