The South China Sea (SCS) is a semi-enclosed marginal sea with an area of approximately 3.5 × 10 6 km 2 and an average depth of over 2,000 m. The only deep channel connecting the SCS to the surrounding oceans is the Luzon Strait, whose largest sill depth is approximately 2,400 m. Although the SCS is an isolated basin below 2,400 m, water in the deep SCS exhibits characteristics similar to those of water in the North Pacific at approximately 2,000 m, which is a result of deep-water intrusion through the Luzon Strait (Qu, 2002). Approximately 0.78-2.50 Sv (1 Sv = 1 × 10 6 m 3 /s) of cold and saline deep-water penetrates the SCS from the North Pacific because of the persistent pressure gradient (