“…The recognition that exact energy and momentum conservation prevent oscillations between neutrinos of different masses 22,23 has led to the consideration of oscillation experiments in terms of wave-packets 22,23,24,25 including the quantum mechanical aspects of production and detection which have been incorporated in the quantum field theoretical framework 34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,33 . Previous quantum field theory treatments of mixing and oscillations are S-matrix theoretic in nature, making use of in-out wave-packets spatially localized at the source, or the "near" detector a , and the far detector 36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,54,33 . However, in all of these treatments the S-matrix calculation takes the interaction time to infinity, even when a We are using the term "near" detector to describe measurement apparatus at or nearby the production site, which is used to detect the charged lepton that is produced with the primary neutrino. This is not to be confused with the term near detector that is widely used in the experimental literatures (see for example 55 ). The latter is used to detect neutrino at a short baseline.…”