Near-epicenter weather conditions several hours before strong earthquakes (Ms ≥ 6)

Chen, Tao; Li, Lei; Zhang, Xiao‐Xin; Ma, Qiming; Li, Wen; Ti, Shuo; Han, Wei; Li, Ren-Kang; Luo, Jing; SU, Jianfeng

doi:10.1007/s11069-021-04907-2

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Positively charged α particles induce ionization in the near-surface atmosphere, which generates mass-charged ions. These ions can create hydration in the air atmosphere that reduces the relative humidity and forms an environment of high temperature and low pressure, thus creating an environment in which the total radiation is increasing (Freund et al, 2006;Freund, 2011;Walia et al, 2013;Kobayashi et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2021a;Chen et al, 2021b). We summarized our result in Figure 9 which shows long trend time series from 2004 to 2021 in the Eastern Bayanhar block.…”

Section: Correlation Of Bt Radiation Anomalies With Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Variation of Thermal Infrared Brightness Temperature Anomalies in the Madoi Earthquake and Associated Earthquakes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (China)

Yang

Tie-bao

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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We processed MODIS data received from ground receiving stations into the spatial range of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (China) and the eastern margin of the plateau, and then 283 K was set as the threshold value to remove the area covered by clouds. The monthly background field was calculated based on 17 years’ data, then we obtained the spatial Brightness Temperature anomaly of the current month by deducting the background field. Furthermore, the Brightness Temperature anomaly curves for secondary tectonic blocks in the plateau were calculated. The data indicated that since June 2020, the Brightness Temperature radiation within the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau began to increase abnormally, starting from the western part of the study area and expanding eastward to cover the entire plateau. In January 2021, such an anomaly was seen again, extending to the Sichuan-Yunnan Block in the easternmost part of the study area in april. With the ongoing anomaly, a series of moderate and strong earthquakes occurred in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and finally, on 22 May 2021, the M7.4 earthquake struck the Madoi County. Moreover, according to the internal Brightness Temperature time series curves of the different secondary tectonic blocks, the Brightness Temperature has increased simultaneously since the beginning of 2020. A twofold standard deviation was found in the middle-east segment of the Bayanhar Block and the Qiangtang Block in October 2020, and an almost twofold standard deviation was found in March, while a twofold standard deviation was found in the Sichuan-Yunnan Block in april 2021. The occurrence of earthquakes in the plateau before the Madoi earthquake coincided with an upward trend of the time series curve. The spatial anomaly of Brightness Temperature over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau disappeared and the Brightness Temperature time series curve dropped drastically after the Madoi earthquake. The development of spatial anomaly of Brightness Temperature and the time series curve both coincide with the occurrence of earthquakes and are consistent with the generation of tectonic stress in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Our study showed that thermal infrared Brightness Temperature radiation reasonably reflects regional stress development and enables the detection of anomalies prior to moderate and strong earthquakes.

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Section: Correlation Of Bt Radiation Anomalies With Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Variation of Thermal Infrared Brightness Temperature Anomalies in the Madoi Earthquake and Associated Earthquakes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (China)

Yang

Tie-bao

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…The near-surface air composition is changed by the subsurface release of gases. Variations in air composition can affect the near-surface electric field [Hao, 1989;Bleier et al, 2009;Chen, Li et al, 2022], which further drive changes in the ionosphere [Pulinets and Boyarchuk, 2004;Yasuoka et al, 2006].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double resonance in seismo-lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling

Chen,

Sun,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Annals of Geophysics

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nvestigations into causal mechanisms behind anomalous pre-earthquake phenomena are considered a promising way of earthquake prediction. Numerous promising channels for seismo-lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling have been proposed; however, predicting earthquakes remains a great challenge in the scientific society. Short-period ground vibrations exhibiting frequency characteristics similar to natural frequencies caused by strata failure resonance have recently been detected using tiltmeters embedded in magnetometers prior to earthquakes. These vibrations originate from regions near the epicentres of forthcoming earthquakes and can be simultaneously detected by broadband seismometers and ground-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. Unlike the total electron contents (TECs) obtained from orbiting satellites, the vibrations and the identifiable TEC perturbations in data from geostationary satellites of the BeiDou Navigation System share frequencies prior to earthquakes. However, the causal relationship between the vibrations and TEC perturbations remains unclear due to a gap in data observations between the lithosphere and ionosphere. To address this issue, an instrumental array was established to monitor vibrations and perturbations in the lithosphere, atmosphere, and ionosphere. Observational data from the array partially fill the gap, and analytical results show that ground vibrations, air pressure, magnetic fields, and TEC data shared a common frequency of approximately 5 × 10–3 Hz (5 mHz) before major earthquakes. This suggests that the resonant ground vibrations trigger atmospheric resonance before earthquakes. Therefore, the double resonance (crustal and atmospheric resonance) model is a new explanation for the observed anomalies in multiple geophysical parameters in the lithosphere, atmosphere, and ionosphere. Retrieving resonant signals from multiple sources of observational data is a significant challenge, but once this issue is overcome, double resonance may contribute to practical earthquake prediction.

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“…A variety of geophysical and geochemical observations, ranging from ground-related deformation patterns (GPS, SAR, etc.) (Bürgmann et al, 2000;Zhao et al, 2020) to pre-earthquake changes (geochemical, electromagnetic, hydro-geological, geodetic, or thermodynamic) (Huang F. Q. et al, 2017;Zhou et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2021;Martinelli et al, 2021;Zhou et al, 2021), recorded by ground-based (Li et al, 2022) or satellite-based techniques (Li et al, 2020) may be related to stress variations in the lithosphere (Luo et al, 2023) prior to an eventual large earthquake (Zhao et al, 2022). Even though much effort has been invested, the earthquake "elephant in the room" is still in the process of being understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: From preparation to faulting: multidisciplinary investigations on earthquake processes

et al. 2023

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In seismically active areas (e.g., Han et al., 2022), the best way for disaster mitigation is to enhance the skills of risk evaluation and prediction (Shao et al., 2023). What happens before an earthquake occurs? Which are the physical processes that take place in the Earth's crust before the earthquake nucleates? How can we observe, describe, and model them statistically, numerically, and physically in multi-scales from laboratory samples to tectonic earth plates? Those questions are fundamental but have not been completely solved (Geller, 1997;Pritchard, et al., 2020).Over the last few decades multidisciplinary studies have attempted to answer these fundamental questions (e.g., King, 1978;Ma, 1987; Kanamori and Brodsky, 2001). In the early days, the Institute Physics of the Earth (IPE) model (dry) (Myachkin et al., 1975) and the Dilatance Diffusion (DD) model (wet) (Scholz et al., 1973) were proposed for earthquake processes. Like Schrödinger's cat, an earthquake is unpredictable-according to the IPE model, yet it can be predictable-according to the DD model (Ma, 1987). Recently, with advanced techniques, some scientists have discovered the meta-instable stage before failure to slip (Ma et al., 2012) and assuredly claimed that there are precursors to be used for earthquake forecasting (Ma, 2016), which envisages new opportunities to study earthquake precursors (Pritchard, et al., 2020).An understanding of the governing laws (e.g.,

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Near-epicenter weather conditions several hours before strong earthquakes (Ms ≥ 6)

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Variation of Thermal Infrared Brightness Temperature Anomalies in the Madoi Earthquake and Associated Earthquakes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (China)

Variation of Thermal Infrared Brightness Temperature Anomalies in the Madoi Earthquake and Associated Earthquakes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (China)

Double resonance in seismo-lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling

Editorial: From preparation to faulting: multidisciplinary investigations on earthquake processes

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