Near‐fault ground motions, and the response of elastic and inelastic single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems

Mavroeidis, George P.; Dong, Guanpeng; Παπαγεωργιου, Αποστολοσ

doi:10.1002/eqe.391

Cited by 407 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…At the same time, the effects of near-fault ground motions on structural response have been studied extensively (Bertero et al, 1978;Hall et al, 1995;Sasani and Bertero, 2000;Alavi and Krawinkler, 2004;Makris and Black, 2004;Mavroeidis et al, 2004;Kalkan and Kunnath, 2006;Xu et al, 2007;Rupakhety and Sigbjörnsson, 2011;Yamamoto et al, 2011;Minami and Hayashi, 2013;Khaloo et al, 2015;Vafaei and Eskandari, 2015). These many investigations made clear the characteristics of the fling-step and forward-directivity inputs (Mavroeidis and Papageorgiou, 2003;Bray and Rodriguez-Marek, 2004;Kalkan and Kunnath, 2006;Mukhopadhyay and Gupta, 2013a,b;Zhai et al, 2013;Hayden et al, 2014;Yang and Zhou, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed-Form Dynamic Stability Criterion for Elastic–Plastic Structures under Near-Fault Ground Motions

Kojima

Takewaki

2016

Front. Built Environ.

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A dynamic stability criterion for elastic-plastic structures under near-fault ground motions is derived in closed form. A negative post-yield stiffness is treated in order to consider the P-delta effect. The double impulse is used as a substitute of the fling-step near-fault ground motion. Since only the free vibration appears under such double impulse, the energy approach plays a critical role in the derivation of the closed-form solution of a complicated elastic-plastic response of structures with the P-delta effect. It is remarkable that no iteration is needed in the derivation of the closed-form dynamic stability criterion on the critical elastic-plastic response. It is shown via the closed-form expression that several patterns of unstable behaviors exist depending on the ratio of the input level of the double impulse to the structural strength and on the ratio of the negative post-yield stiffness to the initial elastic stiffness. The validity of the proposed dynamic stability criterion is investigated by the numerical response analysis for structures under double impulses with stable or unstable parameters. Furthermore, the reliability of the proposed theory is tested through the comparison with the response analysis to the corresponding onecycle sinusoidal input as a representative of the fling-step near-fault ground motion. The applicability of the proposed theory to actual recorded pulse-type ground motions is also discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed-Form Dynamic Stability Criterion for Elastic–Plastic Structures under Near-Fault Ground Motions

Kojima

Takewaki

2016

Front. Built Environ.

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“…The pulse is of particular interest from a structural earthquake-engineering point of view, because the demand on the structure is amplified when the natural period of the structure equals the pulse period (e.g., Biggs, 1964;Veletsos et al, 1965;Anderson and Bertero, 1987;Hall et al, 1995). In particular, the pulse period has been shown to be a critical parameter for design spectra, strength-reduction factors, damping modification factors, residual displacements, and ductility demands (Alavi and Krawinkler, 2001;Mavroeidis et al, 2004;Hubbard and Mavroeidis, 2011;Ruiz-Garcia, 2011;Liossatou and Fardis, 2016). Accurate predictions of directivity pulse periods are then crucial for near-fault seismic risk assessment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variability of the Directivity Pulse Periods Observed during an Earthquake

Fayjaloun¹,

Causse²,

Cornou³

et al. 2016

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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The ground velocity pulses generated by rupture directivity effects in the near-fault region can cause a large amount of damage to structures. Proper estimation of the period of such velocity pulses is of particular importance in characterizing near-fault seismic hazard and mitigating potential damage. We propose a simple equation to determine the pulse period as a function of the site location with respect to the fault rupture (defined by the hypocentral distance hypD, the closest distance to the rupture area clsD, and the length of the rupture area that breaks toward the site D) and some basic rupture properties (average rupture speed and average rise time). Our equation is first validated from a dataset of synthetic velocity time histories, deploying simulations of various strike-slip extended ruptures in a homogeneous medium. The analysis of the synthetic dataset confirms that the pulse period does not depend on the whole rupture area, but only on the parameter D. It also reveals that the pulse period is not sensitive to the level of slip heterogeneity on the fault plane. Our model is tested next on a real dataset build from the Next Generation Attenuation-West2 Project database, compiling 110 observations of velocity pulse periods from 10 strike-slip events and 6 non-strike-slip events. The standard deviation of the natural logarithm residuals between observations and predictions is ∼0:5. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between observations and predictions equals ∼0:8, indicating that despite its simplicity, our model explains fairly well the spatial variability of the pulse periods.

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“…Xu and Xie (2004) and Ziotopoulou and Gazetas (2010) proposed that the periods of an acceleration response spectrum should be normalised with respect to the spectral predominant period (corresponding to peak ordinate) in order to capture the peak spectral response. Similar suggestions have been made to improve the velocity (e.g., Mavroeidis et al, 2004;Xu and Xie, 2007) and displacement (Maniatakis and Spyrakos, 2012) response spectra, and also to modify the ductility reduction factor (e.g., Miranda and Bertero, 1994;Miranda and Ruiz-Garcia, 2002;Gillie et al, 2010), and inelastic displacement ratio (e.g., Miranda, 2000;Ruiz-García and Miranda, 2006;Iervolino et al, 2012) for nonlinear systems. However, all of these studies were restricted to fixed-base building systems and, therefore, the effects of soil-structure interaction (SSI) were not considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Estimation of inelastic displacement demands of flexible-based structures on soft soils

Yang

Hajirasouliha

Marshall

2016

IJEIE

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This study aims to develop efficient tools for performance-based seismic design of soil-structure interaction (SSI) systems on soft soils. To simulate the SSI effects, linear and nonlinear 'equivalent fixed-base single-degree-of-freedom' (EFSDOF) oscillators as well as a sway-rocking SSI model were adopted. The nonlinear dynamic response of around 10,000 SSI models and EFSDOF oscillators having a wide range of fundamental periods, target ductility demands, and damping ratios were obtained under a total of 20 seismic records on soft soil sites. Based on the results of this study, a practical method is developed for estimating the base shear and maximum displacement demands of a nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom structure on soft soil deposits. In the proposed procedure, the effect of frequency content of ground motions is considered by normalising the period of vibration by the spectral predominant periods, while the nonlinear EFSDOF models are used to improve the computational efficiency.Keywords: soil-structure interaction; soft soil; displacement demands; response-history analysis; frequency content. Biographical notes:Yang Lu is a graduate student in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Nottingham. His work focuses on numerical and analytical modelling of dynamic soil structure interaction. He is currently working on implementation of soil-structure interaction into performance-based seismic design of building structures. His research interests include soilstructure interaction modelling, response spectrum analysis for near-fault and far-field earthquake motions, and displacement-based design. 82 Y. Lu et al.Iman Hajirasouliha is a Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) in the Department of Civil and Structural Engineering at the University of Sheffield, UK. He has over 15 years of research experience in the field of earthquake engineering, optimisation, seismic risk assessment, and performance-based seismic design and strengthening of buildings and infrastructure. He has authored a book chapter and over 100 papers in refereed journals and international conferences. He has ten years consultancy experience in the structural design and strengthening of buildings and industrial structures. He is currently the Leader of the Earthquake Engineering Group (EEG) at The University of Sheffield.

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Near‐fault ground motions, and the response of elastic and inelastic single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems

Cited by 407 publications

References 30 publications

Closed-Form Dynamic Stability Criterion for Elastic–Plastic Structures under Near-Fault Ground Motions

Closed-Form Dynamic Stability Criterion for Elastic–Plastic Structures under Near-Fault Ground Motions

Spatial Variability of the Directivity Pulse Periods Observed during an Earthquake

Estimation of inelastic displacement demands of flexible-based structures on soft soils

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