Near Field Environment Process Model Report

Wagner, Ralph A.

doi:10.2172/837130

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This arrangement allows the strength of the CS-US association to change on trials on which the CS is present, but the US is no longer presented, and the US-CS association to change on trials on which the US is presented but the CS is absent (cf. Wagner & Rescorla, 1972 ; Wagner, Logan, Haberlandt, & Price, 1968 ).…”

Section: Heidimentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual variation in the vigor and form of Pavlovian conditioned responses: Analysis of a model system

Honey

Dwyer

Iliescu

2020

Learning and Motivation

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Pavlovian conditioning results in individual variation in the vigor and form of acquired behaviors. Here, we describe a general-process model of associative learning (HeiDI; How excitation and inhibition determine ideo-motion) that provides an analysis for such variation together with a range of other important group-level phenomena. The model takes as its starting point the idea that pairings of a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) result in the formation of reciprocal associations between their central representations. The asymptotic values of these associations and the rate at which these are reached are held to be influenced by the perceived salience of the CS (α CS ) and US (β US ). Importantly, whether this associative knowledge is exhibited in behavior that reflects the properties of the CS (e.g., sign-tracking) or US (e.g., goal-tracking) is also influenced by the relative values of α CS and β US . In this way, HeiDI provides an analysis for both quantitative and qualitative individual differences generated by Pavlovian conditioning procedures.

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Section: Heidimentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual variation in the vigor and form of Pavlovian conditioned responses: Analysis of a model system

Honey

Dwyer

Iliescu

2020

Learning and Motivation

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“…The second step of adhesion is a firm attachment of neutrophils to endothelium mediated by a group of heterodimeric transmembrane proteins -integrins and their ligands, the intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAM). Adhered neutrophils then change their shape and migrate through the endothelium into the tissue [2][3][4][5]. In tissue, neutrophils recognize, bind and engulf their targets and initiate a degradation of invading pathogens by the oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent mechanisms.…”

Section: Biological Role Of Neutrophilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nitric Oxide Donors on the Biological Activity of Human Neutrophils in Vitro. Review Own Studies

Klink¹,

Sułowska

2007

LDDD

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This review summarizes our investigations on the reactivity of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils treated with the pharmacologically active compounds that liberate nitric oxide in vitro. The results of our study show that nitric oxide liberation from sodium nitroprusside (SNP), 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) and Diethylamine/NO is a time-and dose-dependent and the kinetics of NO production is different between the three compounds. The effect of exogenously administered compounds on the neutrophil functional state depends on the compounds concentration, rate and mechanism of NO liberation, treatment time of neutrophils and on the stimulus employed to cells activation. SNP and DEA/NO actions on neutrophil respiratory burst are mainly associated with modulation of PKC and MEK1/2 activities, while SIN-1 with PKTs activities. The course of neutrophil apoptosis in vitro shows that different compounds depending on the mechanisms of NO release exert differential effects on apoptotic events. SNP and SIN-1 are involved in the process of bacterial killing by neutrophils. We conclude that NO released and its derivatives formed in the course of the interaction between neutrophils and bacteria are responsible for the enhancement of neutrophil antibacterial activity.

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“…В последнее время все больше людей заводят хорьков в качестве животных компаньонов. Вследствие доместикации у них появляются различные формы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, которые диагностируются при электрокардиографическом исследовании [14]. В ветеринарных клиниках кардиологическое исследование хорькам проводят, когда у этих животных уже имеются явные проявления сердечной недостаточности.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

The electrocardiogram of ferrets during early postnatal ontogenesis

Peshkin

Gulyaeva

2021

jour

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In experimental researches, ferrets are used as model animals – an alternative to larger predators and rodents in studying various pathologies. Ferrets are exotic pets, and the effect of their domestication manifests itself in the development of various cardiovascular diseases. An electrocardiographic study allows to reveal already acquired heart pathologies such as arrhythmias in adult small animals. The most striking physiological adaptation to new living conditions is observed in ferrets in the early postnatal period. Knowledge of characteristics of the ferrets’ electrocardiogram during this period will help to identify congenital cardiac diseases. The aim of the study was to examine electrocardiograms of ferrets at the age of one month and compare the results obtained with adult small animals. Electrocardiograms were recorded in standard bipolar limb leads on a 12-channel computer electrocardiograph in the sternal body position. The analysis of the morphology of the P-wave, QRS complex, and T-wave was carried out, the characteristics of the amplitude indicators and time intervals was presented. It was revealed that the P-wave was predominantly peaked with the highest amplitude in the second lead, the complex of initial ventricular activity was represented by a singlephase R-wave; in some animals, the T-wave was biphasic in leads II and III. A high elevation of the ST segment was recorded on the electrocardiogram of all the small animals. The results obtained showed that significant changes were not observed in the electrocardiogram of one-month-old ferrets in comparison with adult healthy small animals, so their electrocardiogram described can be considered normal for their age.

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Near Field Environment Process Model Report

Cited by 3 publications

References 43 publications

Individual variation in the vigor and form of Pavlovian conditioned responses: Analysis of a model system

Individual variation in the vigor and form of Pavlovian conditioned responses: Analysis of a model system

Effects of Nitric Oxide Donors on the Biological Activity of Human Neutrophils in Vitro. Review Own Studies

The electrocardiogram of ferrets during early postnatal ontogenesis

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