Near-field observation of light propagation in nanocoax waveguides

Merlo, Juan M.; Fan, Ye; Rizal, Binod; Burns, Michael J.; Naughton, Michael

doi:10.1364/oe.22.014148

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Among the different subwavelength structures that have been analyzed, the nanocoax is of particular interest, as this structure is considered to have high transmittance to visible light and is a promising structure for deep-subwavelength, low-loss propagation of plasmonic and photonic radiation modes at optical and infrared frequencies. 12,15,18 The nanocoax geometry already has been employed in a variety of applications including photovoltaic (PV) solar cells, optical nanoantennas, negative index materials, and light-emitting bers. [19][20][21][22][23][24] For example, the ability of a nanocoax to have its dielectric replaced with a semiconducting/PV material allows for the absorption or generation of light as it propagates along its axis, yet have photogenerated electrical current ow radially between the inner and outer metals.…”

Section: (1) Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocoaxes for optical and electronic devices

Rizal

Merlo

Burns

et al. 2015

Analyst

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The evolution of micro/nanoelectronics technology, including the shrinking of devices and integrated circuit components, has included the miniaturization of linear and coaxial structures to micro/nanoscale dimensions. This reduction in the size of coaxial structures may offer advantages to existing technologies and benefit the exploration and development of new technologies. The reduction in the size of coaxial structures has been realized with various permutations between metals, semiconductors and dielectrics for the core, shield, and annulus. This review will focus on fabrication schemes of arrays of metal – nonmetal – metal nanocoax structures using non-template and template methods, followed by possible applications. The performance and scientific advantages associated with nanocoax-based optical devices including waveguides, negative refractive index materials, light emitting diodes, and photovoltaics are presented. In addition, benefits and challenges that accrue from the application of novel nanocoax structures in energy storage, electronic and sensing devices are summarized.

show abstract

Section: (1) Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocoaxes for optical and electronic devices

Rizal

Merlo

Burns

et al. 2015

Analyst

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The localization of applied light is also important when using minimum light intensities to mediate the behavior of a particular cell type, as light incident from above the neural assembly will scatter and attenuate upon entering the medium prior to being absorbed by the light-sensitive opsins. Ozden et al ( 2013 ) have previously shown peak intensity to be inversely proportional to stimulating optical fiber aperture diameter, and since the individual coaxes are capable of being fabricated at sub-cellular dimensions (Merlo et al, 2014 ) (~1 μm), the cNEA could provide a solution for lower power consumption as well as facilitating direct stimulation of an individual cell (or region within a cell). In contrast, when using macroscale optical fibers for such stimulation, the technical problems of tissue damage and unintentional illumination of distal neurons are unavoidable (Buzsáki et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned, crosstalk between pixels of conventional devices with high spatial resolution is a consequence of their unshielded nature; a shielded coaxial device can suppress this limitation, uniquely allowing increases in pixel density. Also similar to that macroscale coax is the micro- and nanoscale version's ability to propagate subwavelength electromagnetic radiation, including visible light (Rybczynski et al, 2007 ; Merlo et al, 2014 ). Nanoscale coaxial arrays have been previously used by some of the present authors (Rizal et al, 2015 ) in a variety of biological (Archibald et al, 2015 ), chemical (Zhao et al, 2012 ; Rizal et al, 2013 ), optical (Rybczynski et al, 2007 ; Merlo et al, 2014 ) and photovoltaic (Naughton et al, 2010 ) devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also similar to that macroscale coax is the micro- and nanoscale version's ability to propagate subwavelength electromagnetic radiation, including visible light (Rybczynski et al, 2007 ; Merlo et al, 2014 ). Nanoscale coaxial arrays have been previously used by some of the present authors (Rizal et al, 2015 ) in a variety of biological (Archibald et al, 2015 ), chemical (Zhao et al, 2012 ; Rizal et al, 2013 ), optical (Rybczynski et al, 2007 ; Merlo et al, 2014 ) and photovoltaic (Naughton et al, 2010 ) devices. Additionally, the principle of a single coaxial structure as an optrode was validated through the use of a tapered, metal-coated optical fiber for studies in non-human primates (Ozden et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Shielded Coaxial Optrode Arrays for Neurophysiology

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent progress in the study of the brain has been greatly facilitated by the development of new tools capable of minimally-invasive, robust coupling to neuronal assemblies. Two prominent examples are the microelectrode array (MEA), which enables electrical signals from large numbers of neurons to be detected and spatiotemporally correlated, and optogenetics, which enables the electrical activity of cells to be controlled with light. In the former case, high spatial density is desirable but, as electrode arrays evolve toward higher density and thus smaller pitch, electrical crosstalk increases. In the latter, finer control over light input is desirable, to enable improved studies of neuroelectronic pathways emanating from specific cell stimulation. Here, we introduce a coaxial electrode architecture that is uniquely suited to address these issues, as it can simultaneously be utilized as an optical waveguide and a shielded electrode in dense arrays. Using optogenetically-transfected cells on a coaxial MEA, we demonstrate the utility of the architecture by recording cellular currents evoked from optical stimulation. We also show the capability for network recording by radiating an area of seven individually-addressed coaxial electrode regions with cultured cells covering a section of the extent.

show abstract

“…It consists of two concentric electrodes separated by a dielectric or an air gap. The nanocoax has demonstrated ultrasensitive chemical detection of volatile organic compounds (Zhao et al, 2012), and exhibited nanophotonic properties as a waveguide for visible light (Merlo et al, 2014; Rybczynski et al, 2007). Recently, nanocoaxial arrays demonstrated electrochemical sensing capabilities via the detection of the redox species ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FCA) (Rizal et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nanocoaxial-based electrochemical sensor for the detection of cholera toxin

Archibald

Rizal

Connolly

et al. 2015

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sensitive, real-time detection of biomarkers is of critical importance for rapid and accurate diagnosis of disease for point of care (POC) technologies. Current methods do not allow for POC applications due to several limitations, including sophisticated instrumentation, high reagent consumption, limited multiplexing capability, and cost. Here, we report a nanocoaxial-based electrochemical sensor for the detection of bacterial toxins using an electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) or square wave voltammetry (SQV). The device architecture is composed of vertically-oriented, nanoscale coaxial electrodes in array format (~106 coaxes per square millimeter). The coax cores and outer shields serve as integrated working and counter electrodes, respectively, exhibiting a nanoscale separation gap corresponding to ~100 nm. Proof-of-concept was demonstrated for the detection of cholera toxin (CT). The linear dynamic range of detection was 10 ng/ml – 1 μg/ml, and the limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 2 ng/ml. This level of sensitivity is comparable to the standard optical ELISA used widely in clinical applications, which exhibited a linear dynamic range of 10 ng/ml – 1 μg/ml and a LOD of 1 ng/ml. In addition to matching the detection profile of the standard ELISA, the nanocoaxial array provides a simple electrochemical readout and a miniaturized platform with multiplexing capabilities for the simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers, giving the nanocoax a desirable advantage over the standard method towards POC applications.

show abstract

Near-field observation of light propagation in nanocoax waveguides

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Nanocoaxes for optical and electronic devices

Nanocoaxes for optical and electronic devices

Shielded Coaxial Optrode Arrays for Neurophysiology

A nanocoaxial-based electrochemical sensor for the detection of cholera toxin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About