“…It is also used as a raw material for drugs, pesticides, dyes, foaming agents, contrast agents, antioxidants, and foaming agents ( Zhang et al, 2020b ). Despite its wide industrial applications, hydrazine is highly toxic and carcinogenic ( Chen et al, 2021 ; Cui et al, 2022 ). Although not endogenous, trace spills during use or transportation can pollute the environment and enter the body by inhalation or skin contact, causing respiratory and neurological harm, including eye and skin irritation, liver, kidney, and central nervous system damage ( Zhang et al, 2020a ).…”