Near‐infrared organic photoelectric materials for light‐harvesting systems: Organic photovoltaics and organic photodiodes

Abstract

The inherent advantages of organic optoelectronic materials endow lightharvesting systems, including organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic photodiodes (OPDs), with multiple advantages, such as low-cost manufacturing, light weight, flexibility, and applicability to large-area fabrication, make them promising competitors with their inorganic counterparts. Among them, nearinfrared (NIR) organic optoelectronic materials occupy a special position and have become the subject of extensive research in both academia and industry.The introduction of NIR materials into OPVs extends the absorption spectrum range, thereby enhancing the photon-harvesting ability of the devices, due to which they have been widely used for the construction of semitransparent solar cells with single-junction or tandem architectures. NIR photodiodes have tremendous potential in industrial, military, and scientific applications, such as remote control of smart electronic devices, chemical/biological sensing, environmental monitoring, optical communication, and so forth. These practical and potential applications have stimulated the development of NIR photoelectric materials, which in turn has given impetus to innovation in light-harvesting systems. In this review, we summarize the common molecular design strategies of NIR photoelectric materials and enumerate their applications in OPVs and OPDs. K E Y W O R D Snear infrared, organic optoelectronic materials, organic photodiodes, organic photovoltaics

Highly Responsive and Thermally Reliable Near‐Infrared Organic Photodiodes Utilizing Naphthalocyanine Molecules Tuned with Axial Ligands

“…Relative to visible absorbing molecules, NIR organic molecules pose additional challenges in device performance, that is, the efficiency loss due to the reduction of energy level offsets for exciton dissociation and the high dark current owing to the decline of barrier heights for charge blocking under reverse bias. [ 7,9 ] Nonetheless, recent efforts have led to significant boosts in the performance of NIR OPDs using either polymers [ 10–13 ] or small molecule materials. [ 14–19 ] For instance, Xiong et al.…”

Recent Progress on Broadband Organic Photodetectors and their Applications

“…[40][41][42][43][44] The active layer of OPDs generally contains electron donor and acceptor. [45,46] The active layers of OPDs can be classified as bulk heterojunction (BHJ) and planar heterojunction (PHJ). The BHJ is formed by blending donor and acceptor, as shown in Figure 1b.…”

Flexible Organic Solar Cells: Progress and Challenges

“…In the past 5 years, PCEs of 12–16% have been achieved in various NFAs cases via rational designing of the A and D unit chemical structures. [ 1,39–48 ] Very recently, the efficiency has been pushed to ≈18% owing to the development of novel NFAs (Y6 and derivatives) and efficient polymer donors. [ 49 ] Consequently, with the continuous development of efficient photoactive materials, significant progress has been achieved for flexible OSCs in recent years.…”