“…The analytical utility of NIR spectroscopy is established for measuring millimolar levels of various biological species in simulated matrices Burmeister et al, 1998;Burmeister and Arnold, 1999) and natural matrices from clinical chemistry (Hazen et al, 1998), fermentation (Cavinato et al, 1990;Ge et al, 1994;Hall et al, 1996;Yano et al, 1998), and cell culture Lewis et al, 2000;McShane and Cote , 1998;Riley et al, 1997Riley et al, , 1998aRiley et al, , 1998bZhou et al, 1995) systems. The chemical information originates from overtone and combination transitions associated with fundamental C±H, O±H, and N±H vibrations.…”