Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for the Routine Detection of Bilberry Extract Adulteration and Quantitative Determination of the Anthocyanins

Gardana, Claudio; Scialpi, Antonio; Fachechi, Christian; Simonetti, Paolo

doi:10.1155/2018/4751247

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…One of the typical standards of anthocyanins-rich extracts available at the market is the extract standardized for 25% anthocyanins content [ 12 ]. Maltodextrin is a typical carrier used for drying and standardizing extracts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, we have prepared and studied the new water-soluble extract from chokeberry fruit pomace. Currently, manufacturers of plant extracts try to standardize the herbal products to the fixed concentrations of selected compounds [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The commonly accepted content of berry fruit extracts in the standardized products is equal to 25% of anthocyanins [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Anthocyanin-Rich Water-Soluble Aronia Dry Extracts

et al. 2020

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Aronia fruits contain many valuable components that are beneficial to human health. However, fruits are characterized by significant variations in chemical composition dependent on the growing conditions and harvesting period. Therefore, there is a need to formulate the extracts with a precisely defined content of health-promoting substances. Aronia dry extracts (ADE) were prepared from frozen pomace applying water extraction, followed by purification and spray-drying. Subsequently, the content of anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and polyphenols was determined. The high-quality chokeberry pomace enabled obtaining extracts with anthocyanin content much higher than the typical market standards. Moreover, it was found that the antioxidant capacity of aronia extracts exceeded those found in other fruit preparations. Antioxidant and free-radical scavenging properties were evaluated using a 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy (DPPH-EPR) test and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the level of inflammatory markers have been also investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264 cells. It was revealed that ADE standardized to 25% of anthocyanins depresses the level of markers of inflammation and lipid peroxidation (Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) in in vitro conditions. Additionally, it was confirmed that ADE at all analyzed concentrations did not show any cytotoxic effect as demonstrated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Anthocyanin-Rich Water-Soluble Aronia Dry Extracts

et al. 2020

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“…About 60% of the extracts and 33% of the food supplements differed significantly from the authentic bilberry containing lower anthocyanin content than declared suggesting possible adulterations mainly with mulberry and chokeberry extracts. Gardana et al [ 229 ] studied bilberry products from different producers using HPLC-DAD and FT-NIR/PCA for anthocyanins and their aglycones. Six of 71 products were adulterated with anthocyanins extracted from other berries (black mulberry, chokeberry, blackberry).…”

Section: Adulteration Issues Of Processed Food or Dietary Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Chemistry, Analysis and Adulteration of Anthocyanin Rich-Berries and Fruits: 2000–2022

Avula¹,

Katragunta²,

Osman³

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Anthocyanins are reported to exhibit a wide variety of remedial qualities against many human disorders, including antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory activity, amelioration of cardiovascular diseases, improvement of cognitive decline, and are touted to protect against neurodegenerative disorders. Anthocyanins are water soluble naturally occurring polyphenols containing sugar moiety and are found abundantly in colored fruits/berries. Various chromatographic (HPLC/HPTLC) and spectroscopic (IR, NMR) techniques as standalone or in hyphenated forms such as LC-MS/LC-NMR are routinely used to gauge the chemical composition and ensure the overall quality of anthocyanins in berries, fruits, and finished products. The major emphasis of the current review is to compile and disseminate various analytical methodologies on characterization, quantification, and chemical profiling of the whole array of anthocyanins in berries, and fruits within the last two decades. In addition, the factors affecting the stability of anthocyanins, including pH, light exposure, solvents, metal ions, and the presence of other substances, such as enzymes and proteins, were addressed. Several sources of anthocyanins, including berries and fruit with their botanical identity and respective yields of anthocyanins, were covered. In addition to chemical characterization, economically motivated adulteration of anthocyanin-rich fruits and berries due to increasing consumer demand will also be the subject of discussion. Finally, the health benefits and the medicinal utilities of anthocyanins were briefly discussed. A literature search was performed using electronic databases from PubMed, Science Direct, SciFinder, and Google Scholar, and the search was conducted covering the period from January 2000 to November 2022.

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“…In another recent study, Gardana et al. (2018) studied the feasibility of Fourier transform‐NIR (FT‐NIR) as a rapid, low‐cost, and nondestructive routine method for the detection of adulteration in commercial bilberry extracts, and the determination of their ACN contents. A preliminary detection of ACNs, as well as possible adulteration, was performed with HPLC–DAD, followed by the comparison of FT‐NIR prediction models to the preliminary analysis.…”

Section: Analytical Chemistry Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Authentication of berries and berry‐based food products

Salo

Nguyen

Alakärppä

et al. 2021

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Berries represent one of the most important and high-valued group of modernday health-beneficial "superfoods" whose dietary consumption has been recognized to be beneficial for human health for a long time. In addition to being delicious, berries are rich in nutrients, vitamins, and several bioactive compounds, including carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and hydrolysable tannins. However, due to their high value, berries and berry-based products are often subject to fraudulent adulteration, commonly for economical gain, but also unintentionally due to misidentification of species. Deliberate adulteration often comprises the substitution of high-value berries with lower value counterparts and mislabeling of product contents. As adulteration is deceptive toward customers and presents a risk for public health, food authentication through different methods is applied as a countermeasure. Although many authentication methods have been developed in terms of fast, sensitive, reliable, and low-cost analysis and have been applied in the authentication of a myriad of food products and species, their application on berries and berry-based products is still limited. The present review provides an overview of the development and appli-

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Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for the Routine Detection of Bilberry Extract Adulteration and Quantitative Determination of the Anthocyanins

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Anthocyanin-Rich Water-Soluble Aronia Dry Extracts

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Anthocyanin-Rich Water-Soluble Aronia Dry Extracts

Advances in the Chemistry, Analysis and Adulteration of Anthocyanin Rich-Berries and Fruits: 2000–2022

Authentication of berries and berry‐based food products

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