Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Treadmill Exercise to Assess Lower Limb Ischemia in Patients with Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease

Abstract

Near-infrared spectroscopy is a reliable method for monitoring peripheral circulation during and after exercise, although the data generated provided slightly different information than the results obtained by ABPI.

Calf muscle hemoglobin oxygen saturation characteristics and exercise performance in patients with intermittent claudication

“…In contrast, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a relatively new, noninvasive technique that measures hemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO 2 ) of the calf musculature during exercise. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The measurement of calf muscle StO 2 during ambulation provides insight into the balance between oxygen delivery and oxygen demand during exercise.…”

“…In contrast, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a relatively new, noninvasive technique that measures hemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO 2 ) of the calf musculature during exercise. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The measurement of calf muscle StO 2 during ambulation provides insight into the balance between oxygen delivery and oxygen demand during exercise.Calf muscle StO 2 decreases more during exercise and recovers more slowly in patients with intermittent claudication than in controls. 19,21,23,24 However, less is known about which characteristics of the exercise-mediated changes in calf muscle StO 2 are related to walking distances during standardized treadmill exercise and to vascular insufficiency in patients with intermittent claudication.…”

Efficacy of the transfer function index using the pulse volume recording as a parameter to assess intermittent claudication

“…Near-infrared spectroscopy was introduced to evaluate the ischemic severity of claudication because the RT was normalized in a shorter period using NIRS than ABPI. 13 However, NIRS has limitations, because it cannot be applied for patients with leg varix, deep vein thrombosis, severe cardiac failure, or pulmonary disease. Because the standard treadmill-walking test can be completed by less than half of all patients with IC, the RAI is used instead of RT.…”

Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Usefulness of Muscle Biopsy

“…There are non-invasive techniques that can evaluate in vivo the mitochondrial energy transformation by the monitoring of the tissue oxygen level: either directly with the 31 phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Hands et al, 1990;Greiner et al, 2006), or indirectly with infrared spectroscopy (Hands et al, 1986;Watanabe et al, 2004;Ubbink & Koopman, 2006). The 31 phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy is used to determine the concentrations of metabolites involved in muscle energy metabolism (phosphocreatin, inorganic phosphate, and ATP).…”