Near seafloor bioluminescence, macrozooplankton and macroparticles at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Craig, Jessica; Youngbluth, Marsh J.; Jamieson, Alan J.; Priede, Imants George

doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2014.12.011

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…One other study has observed the vertical migration of plankton using bioluminescence as an indicator (Widder et al 1992), andGillibrand et al (2007) report an extensive bioluminescent layer at~1500 m occurring seasonally in the NE Atlantic Ocean. Depressed bioluminescence responses approaching the seafloor corroborate similar observations in the Bahamas (Johnsen et al 2012) and on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Craig et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The greatest limitation to observing marine bioluminescence in situ is technology. As early as 1955, photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) were employed to quantitatively measure light in the ocean from a single point (Boden and Kampa 1957), a method still used today (Adrián-Martinez et al 2014, Johnsen et al 2014, Craig et al 2015. In the past three decades, a number of studies utilizing Intensified Silicon Intensifier Target (ISIT) cameras were published (Widder et al 1989, Robison 1992, Priede et al 2006.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, image-intensified and electron-multiplied CCD cameras have been employed to measure extremely low light sources in high resolution (e.g. Johnson et al 2012, Craig et al 2015. Scientific complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (sCMOS) cameras offer high sensitivity, low noise, wide dynamic range, and high-resolution, high-speed capabilities without image amplification .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Observations of in situ deep-sea marine bioluminescence with a high-speed, high-resolution sCMOS camera

Phillips¹,

Gruber²,

Vasan³

et al. 2016

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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Observing and measuring marine bioluminescence in situ presents unique challenges, characterized by the difficult task of approaching and imaging weakly illuminated bodies in a three-dimensional environment. To address this problem, a scientific complementarymetal-oxide-semiconductor (sCMOS) microscopy camera was outfitted for deep-sea imaging of marine bioluminescence. This system was deployed on multiple platforms (manned submersible, remotely operated vehicle, and towed body) in three oceanic regions (Western Tropical Pacific, Eastern Equatorial Pacific, and Northwestern Atlantic) to depths up to 2500 m. Using light stimulation, bioluminescent responses were recorded at high frame rates and in high resolution, offering unprecedented low-light imagery of deepsea bioluminescence in situ. The kinematics of light production in several zooplankton groups was observed, and luminescent responses at different depths were quantified as intensity vs. time. These initial results signify a clear advancement in the bioluminescent imaging methods available for observation and experimentation in the deep-sea. Keywords: Bioluminescence, zooplankton, sCMOS, low-light camera, light stimulation 1. Introduction 33 34 Marine bioluminescence has generated increasing interest among the scientific community in 35 the past several decades, spanning the disciplines of comparative biology (e.g. Haddock and Case 36 1999), biochemistry (e.g. Prasher et al. 1992), physiology (e.g. Contag and Bachmann 2002), 37 neuroscience (e.g. Martin 2008), population dynamics (e.g. Moline et al. 2009), and naval applications 38 (e.g. Fucile 2002). This research began with terrestrial fireflies (Green and McElroy 1956) and later 39 expanded to readily accessible marine organisms, most notably bacteria (Bassler et al. 1993; Surette 40 et al 1999), copepods (Campbell and Herring 1990), and cnidarians (Prasher et al. 1985). Whereas 41 almost all major phyla of deep-sea zooplankton exhibit bioluminescence (Haddock et al. 2010), with 42 new discoveries reported annually, only a handful of studies have been published on in situ marine 43 bioluminescence. As a result, the deep-sea offers vast potential for future multidisciplinary 44 discoveries related to bioluminescence. 45

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observations of in situ deep-sea marine bioluminescence with a high-speed, high-resolution sCMOS camera

Phillips¹,

Gruber²,

Vasan³

et al. 2016

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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show abstract

“…This may result from different communities present at different depths. The presence of changes in community throughout the benthopelagic layer is well documented (refs 50 and 51 and literature herein). Deep-sea zooplankton with the brightest emissions include some species of copepod and decapod, as well as gelatinous organisms, including scyphozoans, siphonophores, and pyrosomes (reviewed in ref.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Inertial bioluminescence rhythms at the Capo Passero (KM3NeT-Italia) site, Central Mediterranean Sea

Aguzzi

Fanelli

Ciuffardi

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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In the deep sea, the sense of time is dependent on geophysical fluctuations, such as internal tides and atmospheric-related inertial currents, rather than day-night rhythms. Deep-sea neutrino telescopes instrumented with light detecting Photo-Multiplier Tubes (PMT) can be used to describe the synchronization of bioluminescent activity of abyssopelagic organisms with hydrodynamic cycles. PMT readings at 8 different depths (from 3069 to 3349 m) of the NEMO Phase 2 prototype, deployed offshore Capo Passero (Sicily) at the KM3NeT-Italia site, were used to characterize rhythmic bioluminescence patterns in June 2013, in response to water mass movements. We found a significant (p < 0.05) 20.5 h periodicity in the bioluminescence signal, corresponding to inertial fluctuations. Waveform and Fourier analyses of PMT data and tower orientation were carried out to identify phases (i.e. the timing of peaks) by subdividing time series on the length of detected inertial periodicity. A phase overlap between rhythms and cycles suggests a mechanical stimulation of bioluminescence, as organisms carried by currents collide with the telescope infrastructure, resulting in the emission of light. A bathymetric shift in PMT phases indicated that organisms travelled in discontinuous deep-sea undular vortices consisting of chains of inertially pulsating mesoscale cyclones/anticyclones, which to date remain poorly known.

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“…Moreover, bioluminescence is known to play many roles in intra- and inter-specific interactions2. Due to the wide diversity of organisms using this process, bioluminescence has also been utilized to detect biological activities in the deep ocean34, the presence of pelagic animals567891011, and to evaluate biomass for oceanographic studies12. A robust description of the abundance and distribution of organisms able to emit light and their ecological niches in the water column is needed to accurately perform such surveys.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantification of bioluminescence from the surface to the deep sea demonstrates its predominance as an ecological trait

Martini

Haddock

2017

Sci Rep

100

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The capability of animals to emit light, called bioluminescence, is considered to be a major factor in ecological interactions. Because it occurs across diverse taxa, measurements of bioluminescence can be powerful to detect and quantify organisms in the ocean. In this study, 17 years of video observations were recorded by remotely operated vehicles during surveys off the California Coast, from the surface down to 3,900 m depth. More than 350,000 observations are classified for their bioluminescence capability based on literature descriptions. The organisms represented 553 phylogenetic concepts (species, genera or families, at the most precise taxonomic level defined from the images), distributed within 13 broader taxonomic categories. The importance of bioluminescent marine taxa is highlighted in the water column, as we showed that 76% of the observed individuals have bioluminescence capability. More than 97% of Cnidarians were bioluminescent, and 9 of the 13 taxonomic categories were found to be bioluminescent dominant. The percentage of bioluminescent animals is remarkably uniform over depth. Moreover, the proportion of bioluminescent and non-bioluminescent animals within taxonomic groups changes with depth for Ctenophora, Scyphozoa, Chaetognatha, and Crustacea. Given these results, bioluminescence has to be considered an important ecological trait from the surface to the deep-sea.

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Near seafloor bioluminescence, macrozooplankton and macroparticles at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Cited by 5 publications

References 68 publications

Observations of in situ deep-sea marine bioluminescence with a high-speed, high-resolution sCMOS camera

Observations of in situ deep-sea marine bioluminescence with a high-speed, high-resolution sCMOS camera

Inertial bioluminescence rhythms at the Capo Passero (KM3NeT-Italia) site, Central Mediterranean Sea

Quantification of bioluminescence from the surface to the deep sea demonstrates its predominance as an ecological trait

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