Dynamic windows allow monitoring of in-door solar radiation
and
thus improve user comfort and energy efficiency in buildings and vehicles.
Existing technologies are, however, hampered by limitations in switching
speed, energy efficiency, user control, or production costs. Here,
we introduce a new concept for self-powered switchable glazing that
combines a nematic liquid crystal, as an electro-optic active layer,
with an organic photovoltaic material. The latter aligns the liquid
crystal molecules and generates, under illumination, an electric field
that changes the molecular orientation and thereby the device transmittance
in the visible and near-infrared region. Small-area devices can be
switched from clear to dark in hundreds of milliseconds without an
external power supply. The drop in transmittance can be adjusted using
a variable resistor and is shown to be reversible and stable for more
than 5 h. First solution-processed large-area (15 cm2)
devices are presented, and prospects for smart window applications
are discussed.