Near wall Prandtl number effects on velocity gradient invariants and flow topologies in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection

Abstract

The statistical behaviours of the invariants of the velocity gradient tensor and flow topologies for Rayleigh–Bénard convection of Newtonian fluids in cubic enclosures have been analysed using Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) for a range of different values of Rayleigh (i.e. $$Ra=10^7-10^9$$ R a = 10 7 - 10 9 ) and Prandtl (i.e. $$Pr=1$$ P r = 1 and 320) numbers. The behaviours of second and third invariants of the velocity gradient tensor suggest that the bulk region of the flow at the core of the domain is vorticity-dominated whereas the regions in the vicinity of cold and hot walls, in particular in the boundary layers, are found to be strain rate-dominated and this behaviour has been found to be independent of the choice of Ra and Pr values within the range considered here. Accordingly, it has been found that the focal topologies S1 and S4 remain predominant in the bulk region of the flow and the volume fraction of nodal topologies increases in the vicinity of the active hot and cold walls for all cases considered here. However, remarkable differences in the behaviours of the joint probability density functions (PDFs) between second and third invariants of the velocity gradient tensor (i.e. Q and R) have been found in response to the variations of Pr. The classical teardrop shape of the joint PDF between Q and R has been observed away from active walls for all values of Pr, but this behavior changes close to the heated and cooled walls for high values of Pr (e.g. $$Pr=320$$ P r = 320 ) where the joint PDF exhibits a shape mirrored at the vertical Q-axis. It has been demonstrated that the junctions at the edges of convection cells are responsible for this behaviour for $$Pr=320$$ P r = 320 , which also increases the probability of finding S3 topologies with large negative magnitudes of Q and R. By contrast, this behaviour is not observed in the $$Pr=1$$ P r = 1 case and these differences between flow topology distributions in Rayleigh–Bénard convection in response to Pr suggest that the modelling strategy for turbulent natural convection of gaseous fluids may not be equally well suited for simulations of turbulent natural convection of liquids with high values of Pr.

Incompressible flows and the Boussinesq approximation: 50 years of CFD

“…Relevant examples along these lines are due to Nakano et al [105] and Tomita and Abe [106] for a liquid metal and air, respectively (primitive-variable approach), and Bucchignani and Stella [107] and Stella and Bucchignani [108] for water (velocityvorticity method). More recently, Yigit et al [109] have considered Pr = 1 and Pr = 320 (yet in the framework of a primitive-variables technique). Regardless of the used numerical strategy, these efforts have highlighted that the delicate evolutionary route to a final state can be coupled to significant and intriguing adjustments in the roll pattern inside the considered fluid domain.…”

On the effect of Prandtl number to subgrid-scale heat flux models

“…In this work, we aim to shed light to the following research question: can we find a subgrid-scale (SGS) heat flux model with good physical and numerical properties, such that we can obtain satisfactory predictions for buoyancy-driven turbulence at high Prandtl (Pr) numbers? This is motivated by (i) our findings showing the reasons for the lack of accuracy of existing SGS heat flux models for LES [1,2] (see Figure 1, left) and (ii) the fact that the flow topology in the nearwall region changes dramatically at high-Pr numbers [3]. Firstly, we plan to study a priori the capability of the models proposed in [2] to provide accurate approximations of the actual SGS heat flux both in the bulk and in the near-wall regions.…”