Near Work–Induced Contrast Adaptation in Emmetropic and Myopic Children

Yeo, Anna Chwee Hong; Atchison, David A.; Lai, Nai S.; Schmid, Katrina L.

doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8959

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Our findings 15 supported the proposal that contrast adaptation could result in perceived retinal image defocus, thus inducing a retinal error signal driving axial elongation. 16,17 Reading is associated with greater contrast adaptation in myopic children than emmetropic children, 15 but the influence of different types of text is not known. Furthermore, since the prevalence of myopia is high among Chinese children 3 and in countries where Chinese is taught in schools from a young age, we hypothesize that the complex Chinese text induces greater contrast adaptation than English text.…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

“…Since we observed higher contrast adaptation in myopes than in emmetropes, for both young adults and children 15 previously, we believe that contrast adaptation during reading has a role in myopia development. The adaptation was small, but as has been discussed previously, 15 it need not be high to cause myopia.…”

Section: Myopes Versus Emmetropessupporting

confidence: 65%

“…15 Contrast sensitivity was measured using the Metropsis Psychophysical Vision Testing (MPVT; Cambridge Research System, Rochester, UK). The protocol was a two-interval forced choice logarithmic staircase procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…15 The adaptation induced by reading was significantly higher, by 0.11 log unit at 4.4 cycles per degree (cpd), in myopic children than in emmetropic children. Our findings 15 supported the proposal that contrast adaptation could result in perceived retinal image defocus, thus inducing a retinal error signal driving axial elongation. 16,17 Reading is associated with greater contrast adaptation in myopic children than emmetropic children, 15 but the influence of different types of text is not known.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Effect of Text Type on Near Work–Induced Contrast Adaptation in Myopic and Emmetropic Young Adults

Yeo

Atchison

Schmid

2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. Contrast adaptation has been speculated to be an error signal for emmetropization. Myopic children exhibit higher contrast adaptation than emmetropic children. This study aimed to determine whether contrast adaptation varies with the type of text viewed by emmetropic and myopic young adults.METHODS. Baseline contrast sensitivity was determined in 25 emmetropic and 25 spectacle-corrected myopic young adults for 0.5, 1.2, 2.7, 4.4, and 6.2 cycles per degree (cpd) horizontal sine wave gratings. The adults spent periods looking at a 6.2 cpd high-contrast horizontal grating and reading lines of English and Chinese text (these texts comprised 1.2 cpd row and 6 cpd stroke frequencies). The effects of these near tasks on contrast sensitivity were determined, with decreases in sensitivity indicating contrast adaptation.RESULTS. Contrast adaptation was affected by the near task (F 2,672 ¼ 43.0; P < 0.001). Adaptation was greater for the grating task (0.13 6 0.17 log unit, averaged across all frequencies) than reading tasks, but there was no significant difference between the two reading tasks (English 0.05 6 0.13 log unit versus Chinese 0.04 6 0.13 log unit). The myopic group showed significantly greater adaptation (by 0.04, 0.04, and 0.05 log units for English, Chinese, and grating tasks, respectively) than the emmetropic group (F 1,48 ¼ 5.0; P ¼ 0.03).CONCLUSIONS. In young adults, reading Chinese text induced similar contrast adaptation as reading English text. Myopes exhibited greater contrast adaptation than emmetropes. Contrast adaptation, independent of text type, might be associated with myopia development. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.

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supporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Myopes Versus Emmetropessupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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