Nearly zero dispersion-flattened photonic crystal fiber with fluorine-doped three-fold symmetry core

Investigation of high birefringence and chromatic dispersion management in photonic crystal fibre with square air holes

“…Among them, technique that consists of doping the core region with a high index material, like germanium [53][54][55][56], fluorine [57] and liquids [14], has been reported. In order to control the chromatic dispersion in our proposed PCF, we have considered a germanium-doped, as shown in figure 10.…”

A Weakly-Coupled Few-Mode Hybrid Clad Photonic Crystal Fiber With Ultra-Flattened Dispersion and Low Confinement Loss

“…In order to achieve flattened chromatic dispersion, two main ways are adopted: firstly, by the arrangement of air holes in cladding, lattice geometry size and shape of the holes, there is possibilities to control light propagation, such as triangular, rectangular, octagonal and equiangular spiral structure [15][16] [17] [18]. Another way is to add additional materials, either by doping the core with high index materials such as germanium [19]and fluorine [20], or by infiltrating low index fluids into selected air holes [21]. However, using additional materials undoubtedly increase the difficulties in the manufacturing process.…”

Numerical Estimation of Spectral Properties of Laser Based on Rate Equations

“…This yields to the overall capacity of the optical communication systems ranging from 10 Tb⋅s −1 to 100 Tb⋅s −1 [1]. These levels of the capacity can only be reached by utilizing and combining various optical technologies such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), polarization-division multiplexing (PDM), spatial division multiplexing (SDM), optical coherent systems with high-order modulation formats, and digital signal processing (DSP) [1][2][3][4][5].…”