Nearshore Monitoring With X‐Band Radar: Maximizing Utility in Dynamic and Complex Environments

Atkinson, John W.; Esteves, Luciana S.; Williams, Jon J.; Bell, Paul S.; McCann, David L.

doi:10.1029/2020jc016841

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The geometric details of the resonant patterns are displayed in Figure 1D. On the other hand, a continuous ITO film with the sheet resistance of 6 Ω/sq is employed as the back layer of the unit cell, which can enable high light transmittance and block the transmission of EM waves 40 . The second layer is an intermediate dielectric layer for absorbing EM waves.…”

Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrathin optically transparent electromagnetic shielding window with broadband microwave absorption and ultrahigh optical transmittance

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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In this work, we propose an optically transparent metamaterial absorber (OTMMA) based electromagnetic interference shielding window with broadband microwave absorption and ultrahigh optical transmittance. Such a window with relative thickness of λ 0 /21.4 at the lowest frequency consists of a three-layer structure in which two indium-tin-oxide films with different patterns are etched on the upper and lower surfaces of a glass substrate. The specific design feature realizes more than 90% microwave absorption covering a wide frequency range of 7.84-12.35 GHz and makes the window insensitive to the incident angle and polarization state of the incident microwave. Importantly, the measured shielding effectiveness

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Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrathin optically transparent electromagnetic shielding window with broadband microwave absorption and ultrahigh optical transmittance

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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“…The lower waves are blocked by the higher waves, and the shadow areas are generated in the radar image because of the fluctuation in the sea surface [6,7]. Meanwhile, the echo intensity of the sea wave decays along with increase in the distance to the radar antenna.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method of Extracting the SWH Based on a Constituted Wave Slope Feature Vector (WSFV) from X-Band Marine Radar Images

Wei,

Wang,

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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The shadow statistical method (SSM) used for extracting the significant wave height (SWH) from X-band marine radar images was further investigated because of its advantage of not requiring an external reference for calibration. Currently, a fixed shadow segmentation threshold is utilized to extract the SWH from a radar image based on the SSM. However, the retrieval accuracy of the SWH is not ideal for low wind speeds since the echo intensity of sea waves rapidly decays over distance. In order to solve this problem, an adaptive shadow threshold, which varies with echo intensity over distance and can accurately divide the radar image into shadow and nonshadow areas, is adopted to calculate the wave slope (WS) based on the texture feature of the edge image. Instead of using the averaged WS, the wave slope feature vector (WSFV) is constructed for retrieving the SWH since the illumination ratio and the calculated WS in the azimuth are different for shore-based radar images. In this paper, the SWH is calculated based on the constructed WSFV and classical support vector regression (SVR) technology. The collected 222 sets of X-band marine radar images with an SWH range of 1.0∼3.5 m and an average wind speed range of 5∼10 m/s were utilized to verify the performance of the proposed approach. The buoy record, which was deployed during the experiment, was used as the ground truth. For the proposed approach, the mean bias (BIAS) and the mean absolute error (MAE) were 0.03 m and 0.14 m when the ratio of the training set to the test set was 1:1. Compared to the traditional SSM, the correlation coefficient (CC) of the proposed approach increased by 0.27, and the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased by 0.28 m.

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“…X-band radar systems have been used in coastal monitoring to detect morphological changes at a river mouth [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Remote sensing techniques are becoming increasingly popular thanks to their many advantages over in situ methods [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. X-band radar systems, or Wave Radars, have established themselves among the monitoring systems thanks to their operational ease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Band Radar System to Detect Bathymetric Changes at River Mouths during Storm Surges: A Case Study of the Arno River

Raffa

Alberico

Serafino

2022

Sensors

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Storm surges are natural events that influence the dispersion of sediment along coasts, leading to sudden morphological changes in the seabed. From this perspective, we focused our study on the analysis of measurements from a mobile X-band radar system to survey the sea state and the changes in the seabed depth during storm surges. This analysis was supported by additional information from Sentinel 2 satellite images, the Gorgona wave buoy, the San Giovanni alla Vena hydrometric station, and an echosounder survey. The survey period was from 26 to 28 February and 3 March 2020. During these days, the simultaneous occurrence of a storm surge and flooding of the Arno River was monitored. The analysis of the marine X-band radar mobile images determined the formation and dismantling of seabed shapes. An elongated shoal and a bar-like shape are visible on the right side of the Arno River in the radar image of 26 February and at the Arno mouth on that of 28 February, respectively. The radar image of 3 March shows, near the mouth of the Arno, a delta shape probably due to the deposition of sediment favoured by the interaction between the river flow and storm waves. X-band coastal radar is a detection system that improves the effectiveness and reliability of coastal monitoring because it has a high temporal and spatial resolution. It can be considered a valuable warning system to monitor the sea-bed depth changes in strategic sites, such as harbour areas, during sea storms. Moreover, this system, together with a satellite observing system, is a valid tool for shedding light on the environmental drivers that reshape coastal areas.

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Nearshore Monitoring With X‐Band Radar: Maximizing Utility in Dynamic and Complex Environments

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Ultrathin optically transparent electromagnetic shielding window with broadband microwave absorption and ultrahigh optical transmittance

Ultrathin optically transparent electromagnetic shielding window with broadband microwave absorption and ultrahigh optical transmittance

A Method of Extracting the SWH Based on a Constituted Wave Slope Feature Vector (WSFV) from X-Band Marine Radar Images

X-Band Radar System to Detect Bathymetric Changes at River Mouths during Storm Surges: A Case Study of the Arno River

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