Necessary conditions for design expertise and creativity

Akın, Ömer

doi:10.1016/0142-694x(90)90025-8

Cited by 69 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As such, the final design solution may be dramatically different. This serves the same purpose as the restructuring of the problem in Akin [27]. It also coincides with a common sense that changing the perspective of seeing a problem may lead to an unusual solution that might be very difficult to identify otherwise.…”

Section: Changing the Sequence Of Environment Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 91%

A Theoretical and Experimental Study on Design Creativity

Zeng¹,

Yan²,

Chen³

et al. 2011

PCEEA

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Section: Changing the Sequence Of Environment Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 91%

A Theoretical and Experimental Study on Design Creativity

Zeng¹,

Yan²,

Chen³

et al. 2011

PCEEA

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“…Furthermore, the way experts structure their knowledge also differs: experts store their knowledge in larger chunks (Cross 2004;Petre 2004;Akin 1990) and create integrated knowledge structures (Sonnentag 2000). Due to these integrated structures, experts can, for instance, focus their solution search effort more effectively to the more fruitful areas of the solution space, since they have an overview of the interaction and trade-offs between different variables, and they can reduce the complexity of the design engineering context to its fundamentals (Petre 2004).…”

Section: Consulting Design Expertisementioning

confidence: 99%

Tapping into past design experiences: knowledge sharing and creation during novice–expert design consultations

et al. 2011

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Designing is a knowledge-intensive activity. For novice design engineers, an important means of acquiring knowledge is to consult experienced colleagues. We observed novice-expert consultations as part of three engineering projects in a large aerospace company. Seven meetings were analysed in detail regarding the design activity, the content, and the form of interaction. Although the meetings were initiated for the purpose of information seeking, this process amounted to only 8% of the time compared to knowledge creation between novices and experts (47% of meeting time), and contextual information sharing (45% of meeting time). Both experts and novices were found to contribute equally and interactively to the discussion and analysis of solutions. The analysis showed how the processes alternated in the meetings. We identified tentative patterns on how these consultation processes change over the course of the design process phases. The micro-level analysis of the design activities and form of interaction provided a deeper understanding of how the consultation processes are discursively produced by the experts and novices. Finally, implications for design engineering practitioners are derived and suggestions for further research are provided.

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“…Knowledge assists in finding solutions to problems, which gradually become familiar (Dominowski 1995). In reference to unconventional use of knowledge, Akin (1990) stressed the relevant roles of productive thinking in creative problem solving tasks, such as design. Like Wertheimer (1959Wertheimer ( /1982, he further differentiated reproductive from productive uses of knowledge.…”

Section: Expertise and The Role Of Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Analogy as a Cognitive Strategy in the Design Process. Expert Versus Novice Performance

Casakin

2004

JDR

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This study investigated the use of analogy in architectural design. Its main purpose was to provide some understanding of the way experts and novices apply visual analogical thinking to generate satisfactory solutions during the design process. A series of controlled experiments were conducted in order to examine how this cognitive strategy contributed to the enhancement of design problem solving in each group of subjects. Students and architects were asked to solve a set of non-routine design problems stimulated by exposure to visual displays, and were given explicit instructions to use analogy. Results showed that both novices and experts were able to reason by visual analogy and use deep analogs. It was found that experts identified and retrieved analogs from between-domain displays. Novices, however, identified a large number of between-domain displays, but retrieved analogs from between-domain and within-domain displays in the same measure. Novices, in contrast to experts, did not add constraints to the design problem, but produced a large number of solutions. These findings have important implications on design education.hat are the differences between expert and novice performance in the domain of design? How can we help designers solve nonroutine design problems while using familiar knowledge structures? The production of an unlimited number of unexpected solutions that are significantly different from earlier designs is a characteristic of non-routine design. Design problems are described as major examples of non-routine problems (Gero and Maher 1993). In design, visual analogy is a powerful problem solving strategy that can help explain new and non-routine problems in terms of familiar ones. Although there is some evidence that problem solvers have difficulty in making spontaneous use of this strategy, references concerning the use of analogy are mostly anecdotal. Moreover, differences in expertise as regards the use of visual analogy in design have rarely been reported.The main goal of this study is to provide empirical evidence regarding differences and similarities in the performance of expert and novice designers whose reasoning process involves visual analogy. Qualitative and quantitative results in the use of visual analogy during the design process are presented following a brief literature review. w

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Necessary conditions for design expertise and creativity

Cited by 69 publications

References 7 publications

A Theoretical and Experimental Study on Design Creativity

A Theoretical and Experimental Study on Design Creativity

Tapping into past design experiences: knowledge sharing and creation during novice–expert design consultations

Visual Analogy as a Cognitive Strategy in the Design Process. Expert Versus Novice Performance

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