Necessity of revascularization for acute mesenteric ischemia in symptomatic patients with spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery

Abstract

Objectives We evaluated the necessity of revascularization for acute mesenteric ischemia in symptomatic patients with spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery. Methods This retrospective study included 28 consecutive, symptomatic patients with spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery treated at our hospital between December 2005 and December 2017. Patients with concomitant aortic dissection were excluded. We reviewed the patients’ clinical presentation; laboratory evaluations; computed tomography findings, including the true lumen residual ratio (i.e., the minimum true lumen size compared to the diameter of the transverse section of the dissected artery) at the time of admission; the number of patients who were suspected of having bowel ischemia; and the number of patients who required surgical or endovascular treatment and their outcomes. Additionally, to evaluate the true lumen residual ratio in symptomatic patients with bowel ischemia, the true lumen residual ratio in those with abnormal laboratory data were compared with that in those without abnormal laboratory data. Initial true lumen residual ratio values were also compared with final values. Furthermore, we assessed the clinical details of patients who had bowel necrosis. Categorical variables were compared using the χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test, and continuous values were presented as either the mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range 25–75%). Variables were analyzed using Student’s t-test or the Mann–Whitney U test. Results The patients’ age ranged between 41 and 85 years, and 25 were men. Although nine patients were suspected of having acute mesenteric ischemia, only one underwent bowel resection. None of the patients had an indication for revascularization. The true lumen residual ratio of the nine patients with abnormal laboratory data were significantly lower than those of the 19 without abnormal laboratory data (10 [0–25]% vs. 40 [20–50]%, p = 0.005). The patient who underwent bowel resection had a true lumen residual ratio of 10%; however, there was no obvious abnormal laboratory data suggestive of bowel necrosis. Dissections were managed conservatively in all patients. True lumen residual ratio increased from initial value of 30 (10–48)% to 98 (60-100)%at the final imaging study ( p < 0.0001). There were no adverse events related to the mesenteric circulation during the follow-up period of 2–11 years. Conclusions Reintervention is rarely required for spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery, even in symptomatic patients, and spontaneous resolution of the luminal compromise is the rule.

A case report of an isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection caused by childbirth

“…AMI is the most feared complication to expect and to monitor. Otsuka et al [ 18 ] have reported AMI should be diagnosed when the following findings were present: unrelieved abdominal pain, an increased lactate or D-dimer level, and CT characteristics of bowel wall thinning, decreased bowel wall enhancement and bowel loop diameter > 2.5 cm [ 19 ].…”

Long-term outcome of spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection in different angiographic types

“…4,5 However, others recommended that conservative treatment is safe and easy, and surgical intervention does not improve the outcome of the most SISMAD patients. [6][7][8] To address these questions, we retrospectively evaluated the clinical and radiologic features and outcomes of 61 consecutive SISMAD patients in our institution, aiming to examining the natural course of SISMAD patients with conservative treatment and determining optimal therapeutic options for SISMAD patients with different angiographic types.…”