Necrotizing Enterocolitis in a 34-Week Premature Infant with COVID-19

Mannix, Mary Kathryn; Blood, Danielle; Gómez‐Duarte, Oscar G.; Davidson, Lauren

doi:10.1155/2021/1442447

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The patient initially presented with low-grade fever, fussiness, poor oral intake and mild congestion, to proceed with emesis, large volume bloody stools, lethargy and exacerbating PI, although the allergic background was eventually excluded [26]. There is also a case of NEC with PI in premature infant with COVID-19, described by Mannix [27] were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, but there was no need for surgical intervention. What distinguishes our patient is that he didn't require antibiotics or surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Protein Induced Allergic Proctocolitis with Pneumatosis Intestinalis in SARS-Cov-2 Positive Infant

2023

Ann Case Report

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Pneumatosis Intestinalis (PI), characterized by the presence of submucosal air in the intestinal wall, is an uncommon finding in the pediatric population. Food Protein Induced Allergic Proctocolitis (FPIAP) is a prevalent manifestation of food allergy in children, presenting with bloody stools in otherwise healthy infants. We present a case report of a 5-week-old boy with PI, diagnosed in the course of FPIAP and concurrent COVID-19 infection.The patient was admitted to the hospital due to the occurrence of bright blood in the stool. Subsequent abdominal USG revealed an increasing pneumatosis intestinalis in the ileum and ascending colon. During hospitalization, the patient developed cough, rhinitis, and was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The main therapeutic intervention involved a change in feeding from a milk-containing diet to extensively hydrolysed formula, which was followed by a remission of the symptoms and improvement in patient's clinical condition.Pneumatosis Intestinalis still remains an unexplored phenomenon in pediatric patients. Recent observations suggesting an association with common diseases definitely require further investigations to explore its characteristics and proceeding in allergy and viral infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Protein Induced Allergic Proctocolitis with Pneumatosis Intestinalis in SARS-Cov-2 Positive Infant

2023

Ann Case Report

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“…In addition to the above, studies have published unique presentations such as bronchiolitis, parotitis, croup, bradycar dia, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, acute kidney injury, necroti zing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, and coagulopathy/throm bosis. 27,55,61,[67][68][69][70][71][72] The need for ventilator sup port is rare. 61,73,74) Many reports are complicated by occasional bacterial coinfec tion early or late in the COVID-19 disease course, and under lying comorbidities may also present with associated over lapping symptoms and signs.…”

Section: Manifestations Of Infant Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 among infants: key clinical features and remaining controversies

Cimolai

2024

Clin Exp Pediatr

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Infants aged <1 year represent a seemingly more susceptible pediatric subset for infections. Despite this, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has not been proven as more serious in this age group (outside the very early neonatal period) than in others. Indeed, a considerable number of asymptomatic infections have been recorded, and the symptoms and morbidity associated with COVID- 19 differ minimally from those of other respiratory viral infections. Whether due to an abundance of caution or truly reduced susceptibility, infections in infants have not raised the same profile as those in other age groups. In addition to direct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 diagnostic tests, laboratory markers that differentiate COVID-19 from other viral infections lack specificity in infants. Gastrointestinal presentations are common, and the neurological complications of infection mirror those of other respiratory viral infections. There have been relatively few reports of infant deaths. Under appropriate precautions, breastfeeding in the context of maternal infections has been associated with tangible but infrequent complications. Vaccination during pregnancy provides protection against infection in infants, at least in the early months of life. Multi-inflammatory syndrome in children and multi-inflammatory syndrome in neonates are commonly cited as variants of COVID-19; however, their clinical definitions remain controversial. Similarly, reliable definitions of long COVID in the infant group are controversial. This narrative review examines the key clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 in infants and identifies several areas of science awaiting further clarification.

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“…Despite this, the most appropriate probiotic has not been fully clarified (Figure 2) [43,44,70,95,102]. Noteworthily, during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, a rising number of NEC cases in several countries was reported [103][104][105][106][107]. How SARS-CoV-2 can promote NEC in neonates is still unclear, but we can hypothesize that the high affinity of the virus for the gut mucosa may have a role in such a process [108][109][110][111].…”

Section: The Role Of Intestinal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Immune System in Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Related Sepsis

Jirillo,

Topi,

Charitos

et al. 2024

Gastrointestinal Disorders

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A severe condition of sepsis can be a complication of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which can occur in premature infants and becomes a medical challenge in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It is a multifactorial intestinal disease (can affect both the small and large intestine) that can lead to ischemia of the intestinal tissues that evolves into acute organ necrosis. One of these factors is that different types of nutrition can influence the onset or the progression of the disease. Cow-milk-based infant formulas have been shown to cause it in premature infants more frequently than human milk. Recently, nutrition has been shown to be beneficial after surgery. Several issues still under study, such as the pathogenesis and the insufficient and often difficult therapeutic approach, as well as the lack of a common and effective prevention strategy, make this disease an enigma in daily clinical practice. Recent studies outlined the emerging role of the host immune system and resident gut microbiota, showing their close connection in NEC pathophysiology. In its initial stages, broad-spectrum antibiotics, bowel rest, and breastfeeding are currently used, as well as probiotics to help the development of the intestinal microbiota and its eubiosis. This paper aims to present the current knowledge and potential fields of research in NEC pathophysiology and therapeutic assessment.

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Necrotizing Enterocolitis in a 34-Week Premature Infant with COVID-19

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Food Protein Induced Allergic Proctocolitis with Pneumatosis Intestinalis in SARS-Cov-2 Positive Infant

Food Protein Induced Allergic Proctocolitis with Pneumatosis Intestinalis in SARS-Cov-2 Positive Infant

COVID-19 among infants: key clinical features and remaining controversies

Gut Microbiota and Immune System in Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Related Sepsis

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