Nectar biodiversity: a short review

Pacini, Ettore; Nepi, Massimo; Vesprini, José Luis

doi:10.1007/s00606-002-0277-y

Cited by 284 publications

(267 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…subcuticular space, the volume of the nectar is defined by the extent of the cuticle that covers the gland and, naturally, the expandability of the cuticle. Nectar accumulation beneath the cuticle was reported by Pacini et al (2003), Gama et al (2016) and Nepi (2007), the latter of which explained some modes of nectar release. This process of nectar release was described by Wunnachit et al (1992) who stated: "cuticle became distended by secretion of nectar (…) no cuticular pores were observed and the nectar must tear the cuticle".…”

Section: Stomata-free Nectariesmentioning

confidence: 91%

How does the nectar of stomata-free nectaries cross the cuticle?

Paiva

2017

Acta Bot. Bras.

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In many glandular structures, departure from the cell is only one step in the process of exudate release to the plant surface. Here the set of events that lead nectar to the external environment is presented and discussed mainly for stomata-free nectaries. After being synthesized, the nectar or some of its component needs to be released to the environment where it performs its functions. Nectar precursors derived from cell metabolism need to cross several barriers, such as the cell membrane and cell wall, in order to become nectar. Th en the nectar must cross the cuticle or pass through stomata in order to be off ered to plant mutualists. Release through stomata is a simple mechanism, but the ways by which nectar crosses the cuticle is still controversial. Hydrophilic pathways in the cuticle and repetitive cycles of rupture or cuticle detachment are the main routes for nectar release in stomata-free nectaries. In addition to nectar, there are other exogenous secretions that must leave the protoplast and reach the plant surface to perform their function. Th e ways by which nectar is released discussed herein are likely relevant to understanding the release of other hydrophilic products of the secretory process of plants.

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Section: Stomata-free Nectariesmentioning

confidence: 91%

How does the nectar of stomata-free nectaries cross the cuticle?

Paiva

2017

Acta Bot. Bras.

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“…Studies of the nutritional value of insect-consumed secretions occurring in present-day plants, including extranuptial nectary secretions in ferns, pollination drops in gymnosperms, and nectar and nectarlike secretions in basal angiosperms, suggest a third modification (Pacini et al, 2003;Nepi et al, 2009). Fern nectaries produce watery, nutritionally poor secretions, whereas carbohydrate and amino acid concentrations of pollen drops from the four major lineages of gymnosperms-conifers, Ginkgo L., cycads, and gnetaleans-showed significantly more elevated nutritional levels, particularly in the two latter insectpollinated clades (Labandeira et al, 2007a).…”

Section: Plant Features Associated With Haustellate Insect Pollinatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pollination of Mid Mesozoic Seed Plants and the Early History of Long-proboscid Insects^1,^2,³

Labandeira¹

2010

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden

118

126

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“…Owing to the importance of nectaries in pollination, the location of nectar secretion and presentation, combined with nectar quantity and composition, are the main factors in determining potential pollinators among nectar-feeding animals (Simpson and Neff 1983;Pacini et al 2003;Pacini and Nepi 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretion and composition of nectar and the structure of perigonal nectaries in Fritillaria meleagris L. (Liliaceae)

2012

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The structure of perigonal nectaries, nectar production and carbohydrate composition were compared at various stages in the lifespan of the flower of Fritillaria meleagris L. The six nectaries each occupied a groove that is located 2-4 mm above the tepal base. The average nectary measured 11.0 mm long and 1.0-1.2 mm wide. The structure of nectaries situated on both inner and outer tepal whorls was identical, and at anthesis they were equally accessible to potential pollinators. However, secretion from nectaries associated with inner tepals tended to exceed that produced by nectaries located on the outer tepals. On average, regardless of flower stage, one flower secreted 10.87 ± 12.98 mg of nectar (mean and SD; N = 182). The nectar concentration ranged between 3 and 75%, with average concentration of sugars exceeding 50%. Both nectar production and concentration were dependent on the stage of anthesis, with the highest scores being recorded during full anthesis (21.75 ± 16.08 mg; 70.5%, mass and concentration, respectively) and the lowest at the end of anthesis (1.32 ± 2.69 mg; 16.9%, mass and concentration, respectively). A decline in both mass of nectar secreted and nectar concentration during the final stage of anthesis indicates nectar resorption. Nectar was composed of sucrose, glucose and fructose in approx. equal quantities, and its composition did not change significantly during subsequent stages of flowering. The nectaries comprised a single-layered secretory epidermis and several layers of subepidermal parenchyma. The nectariferous cells did not accumulate starch during any of the investigated stages. The nectary was supplied with one large and several smaller vascular bundles comprising xylem and phloem. Transport of assimilates and nectar secretion by protoplasts of secretory cells (and probably also nectar resorption) were facilitated by cell wall ingrowths present on the tangential walls of epidermal cells and subepidermal parenchyma. Epidermal cells lacked stomata. Nectar passed across the cell wall and through the cuticle which was clearly perforated with pores.

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Nectar biodiversity: a short review

Cited by 284 publications

References 59 publications

How does the nectar of stomata-free nectaries cross the cuticle?

How does the nectar of stomata-free nectaries cross the cuticle?

The Pollination of Mid Mesozoic Seed Plants and the Early History of Long-proboscid Insects^1,^2,³

Secretion and composition of nectar and the structure of perigonal nectaries in Fritillaria meleagris L. (Liliaceae)

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Nectar biodiversity: a short review

Cited by 284 publications

References 59 publications

How does the nectar of stomata-free nectaries cross the cuticle?

How does the nectar of stomata-free nectaries cross the cuticle?

The Pollination of Mid Mesozoic Seed Plants and the Early History of Long-proboscid Insects1,2,3

Secretion and composition of nectar and the structure of perigonal nectaries in Fritillaria meleagris L. (Liliaceae)

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The Pollination of Mid Mesozoic Seed Plants and the Early History of Long-proboscid Insects^1,^2,³