Nectar-Collecting Behavior of
Diadegma insulare
(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a Parasitoid of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Idris, A. B.; Grafius, E.

doi:10.1093/ee/26.1.114

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Limy 1982;Foster & Ruesink, 1984;Hagley & Barber, 1992;Idris & Grafius, 1995) only Idris & Grafius (1 995) established precisely which floral materials (pollen, nectar) were fed upon by the experimental parasitoids. In experiments examining the effects of flowers on fitness parameters (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional, evolutionary and ecological aspects of feeding-related mouthpart specializations in parasitoid flies

Gilbert¹

1998

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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This paper considers mouthpart specializations for feeding among dipteran parasitoids, and places them in both an evolutionary and an ecological context. Parasitoid flies display specializations in relation to feeding on solidified honeydew, removing floral nectar from long, narrow, tubular corollas, and feeding on host materials. No species have as yet been identified which display particular specializations for pollen-feeding, but we consider it likely that they exist. Marked sexual dimorphism in mouthpart structure appears to occur only in the Phoridae. Mapping the occurrence of apparatus for removing floral nectar from long, narrow, tubular corollas ('concealed nectar extraction apparatus' or CNEA) onto published cladograms for Diptera shows that the evolution of such feeding apparatus has occurred many times independently. In contrast to parasitoid Hymenoptera, possession of CNFA is more often an autapomorphy for taxa above subfamily level in apparently two cases for superfamilies (Acroceroidea and Nemestrinoidea). We conclude that whereas in parasitoid wasps the pattern of occurrence of CNEA is mainly attributable to ecological expediency, in parasitoid flies phylogenetic history has also played a major role. We discuss the fitness advantages of the different feeding specializations among parasitoids generally (i.e. both Diptera and Hymenoptera) in relation to various ecophysiological factors. 0 1998 The Linnean Society of London ADDITIONAL

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional, evolutionary and ecological aspects of feeding-related mouthpart specializations in parasitoid flies

Gilbert¹

1998

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…Cut Xowers were used to prevent parasitoids drowning or getting trapped in free-water and soil, and to more economically use available space for these experiments. Previous studies investigating Xoral use by parasitoids have also used cut Xowers (Idris and GraWus, 1997;Patt et al, 1997;Damon et al, 1999;Jacob and Evans, 2000;Wäckers, 2004). Furthermore, Wade and Wratten (2006) Honey-water and Eliminade treatments consisted of three droplets of solution placed with an eye-dropper on the lid of a 130 ml plastic vial containing the parasitoid pair.…”

Section: Investigating Parasitoid Longevitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of resource provisioning and sugar composition of foods on longevity of three Gonatocerus spp., egg parasitoids of Homalodisca vitripennis

2007

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The eVect of dietary supplements on the longevity of male and female Gonatocerus ashmeadi, G. triguttatus and G. fasciatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), was determined in the laboratory. Treatments included: water only, 3:1 honey-water solution, Xoral and extraXoral nectars from Wve diVerent plants (excised stems from Fagopyrum esculentum, Lobularia maritima, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Anethum graveolens and Vicia faba), honeydew from Coccus hesperidum and Homalodisca vitripennis (formally H. coagulata), a commercially available food supplement (Eliminade) and citrus foliage. Additionally, the sugar composition of each food resource was determined using HPLC and whole Xower extracts. Honey-water and F. esculentum nectar signiWcantly increased longevity of male and female G. ashmeadi, G. triguttatus, and G. fasciatus up to 1860%, 1323% and 1459%, respectively, when compared with water. For both sexes and all three parasitoid species, survival on citrus foliage, H. vitripennis excrement, and P. tanacetifolia Xowers was equivalent to that on water only. The longevity of G. ashmeadi and G. triguttatus was up to 539% higher on Eliminade compared with water only, however there was no signiWcant eVect of Eliminade on survival of G. fasciatus. Coccus hesperidum honeydew increased survival times up to 665% for all mymarid species compared with citrus foliage alone. HPLC analysis indicated that food resources most beneWcial to Gonatocerus parasitoids possessed a high proportion of glucose (up to 44%) and fructose (up to 53%), suggesting that sucrose may not be as important for parasitoid survival. Citrus and P. tanacetifolia Xowers contained favorable proportions of glucose and fructose, but the inability of Gonatocerus spp. to beneWt from this may be related to Xower morphology which could prevent access to nectar.

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“…The time spent per visit by D. insulare collecting nectar was also negatively correlated with the number of previous visits to B. incana and E. cheiranthoides (Idris and Grafius 1997). Feeding on the flowers of the latter two species resulted in shorter lives and low fecundity in D. insulare, perhaps as a result of inadequate nectar (Idris and Grafius 1997). While the authors of a Minnesota study (see Section 3b ) included B. incana among host plants they believed would attract parasitoid insects for control of garden and crop pests (Steffan and Whitaker 1996), the above studies suggest that this attraction is insignificant.…”

Section: Response To Herbivory Disease and Highermentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Wheeler] (Ghani and Grafius 1998). The time spent per visit by D. insulare collecting nectar was also negatively correlated with the number of previous visits to B. incana and E. cheiranthoides (Idris and Grafius 1997). Feeding on the flowers of the latter two species resulted in shorter lives and low fecundity in D. insulare, perhaps as a result of inadequate nectar (Idris and Grafius 1997).…”

Section: Response To Herbivory Disease and Highermentioning

confidence: 95%

The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 6. Berteroa incana (L.) DC

Warwick¹,

Francis²

2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Warwick, S. I. and Francis A. 2006. The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 6. Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 1297-1309. The cruciferous weed Berteroa incana, hoary alyssum, has been known in temperate North America since the late 19th century, but has recently begun to spread aggressively in upland and dry areas in the Great Lakes and western foothills regions of both Canada and the United States. It is an annual, winter annual to short-lived perennial and is considered an invasive weed in turf, rangelands, pastures and forage crops, with harmful effects on horses an added concern. The species is most common on sandy gravel and poorer soils. It has recently invaded Christmas tree plantations in Michigan. Its prolific seed production, woody stems and deep taproot enable it to persist under dry conditions and to resist mechanical control; and it has virtually no natural enemies in North America. It can be partially controlled by herbicides in crops it has invaded, but herbicides are not generally used on rangelands, pastures, turf and natural and semi-natural areas, where it is now prevalent. Une production de semences abondante, des tiges ligneuses et une racine pivotante profonde lui permettent de résister à des conditions arides et au désherbage mécanique. Elle ne possède virtuellement aucun ennemi naturel en Amérique du Nord. On lutte contre cette espèce en appliquant des herbicides dans les cultures qu'elle envahit, mais on recourt rarement à cette pratique sur les grands parcours, les pâturages, le gazon et les aires naturelles ou mi-sauvages qu'elle affectionne particulièrement.

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Nectar-Collecting Behavior of Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a Parasitoid of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Functional, evolutionary and ecological aspects of feeding-related mouthpart specializations in parasitoid flies

Functional, evolutionary and ecological aspects of feeding-related mouthpart specializations in parasitoid flies

The effect of resource provisioning and sugar composition of foods on longevity of three Gonatocerus spp., egg parasitoids of Homalodisca vitripennis

The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 6. Berteroa incana (L.) DC

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