NECTAR PRODUCTION AND FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS IN BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus L.)

Murrell, Dorothy C.; Shuel, R. W.; Tomes, D. T.

doi:10.4141/cjps82-055

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The latter morphology seems more typical of the Phaseoleae tribe and allied groups [ 25 ]. Among robinioids, which form a sister group with the IRLC [ 2 ], one may find nectaries either localized abaxially on the receptacle and hypanthium ( Lotus : [ 26 ]) or distributed on all surfaces of the hypanthium’s lower portion ( Robinia : [ 27 ] and papers cited therein). In several genera ( Trifolium , Vicia ), FNs had a somewhat intermediate structure with complete toroidal elevation around a carpel base, but with secretory stomata present only on the abaxial side ( Figure 4 C; see also Supplement File S1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Structure among Androecia and Floral Nectaries in the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae)

Sinjushin

Ploshinskaya

Maassoumi

et al. 2022

Plants

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The vast majority of highly valuable species of the Leguminosae in temperate latitudes belong to the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC). Despite having a generally conserved monosymmetric floral morphology, members of this group are remarkable with a pronounced diversity of floral sizes, modes of staminal fusion, and pollination strategies. This paper examined androecia and floral nectaries (FNs) in selected genera of the IRLC. External morphology was investigated using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In some cases, the pattern of staminal fusion was additionally examined in transverse sections using light microscopy. Androecia of all selected genera fell into one of four types, viz., monadelphous, pseudomonadelphous, diadelphous or diadelphous reduced (with inner stamens converted into sterile staminodes). However, there was significant variation in the stamens’ mode of contact, as well as the shape and size of the fenestrae providing access to FNs. Some types seemed to arise independently in different genera, thus providing a high level of homoplasy. FNs were more conserved and comprised areas of secretory stomata in the abaxial part of the receptacle and/or hypanthium. Nectariferous stomata could be found in very miniaturized flowers (Medicago lupulina) and could even accompany monadelphy (Galega). This indicates that preferential self-pollination may nevertheless require visitation by insects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Structure among Androecia and Floral Nectaries in the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae)

Sinjushin

Ploshinskaya

Maassoumi

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…During development, the nectary is composed of three tissues: the epidermis with prominent pairs of guard cells, a central mass of special parenchyma, and fingers of phloem. Studies of other legume nectaries generally identify these same tissues and cell types but with a different fate (Picklum 1954;Ancibor 1969;Waddle and Lersten 1973;Eriksson 1977;Erickson and Garment 1979;Teuber et al 1980;Gulyá s and Kincsek 1982;Murrell et al 1982;Webster et al 1982;Davis et al 1988;Davis and Gunning 1991Crozier and Thomas 1993;Stpiczyń ska 1995;Razem and Davis 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perusal of the literature indicates that there have been relatively few recent studies dealing with the development, anatomy, and ultrastructure of legume nectaries (Ancibor 1969;Waddle and Lersten 1973;Gulyá s and Kincsek 1982). The more studied cultivated taxa are Lotus corniculatus (Murrell et al 1982), Medicago sativa (Teuber et al 1980), Phaseolus vulgaris (Webster et al 1982), Pisum sativum (Razem and Davis 1999), Trifolium pratense (Picklum 1954;Eriksson 1977), Vicia faba (Waddle and Lersten 1973;Davis et al 1988; Davis and Gunning 1991Stpiczyń ska 1995), and Glycine max (Purseglove 1968;Carlson 1973;Waddle and Lersten 1973;McGregor 1976;Erickson and Garment 1979;Carlson and Lersten 1987;Crozier and Thomas 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral Nectary Fine Structure and Development inGlycine maxL. (Fabaceae)

Horner¹,

Healy

Cervantes-Martínez

et al. 2003

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Floral nectaries of annual cultivated Glycine max develop between the bases of the central gynoecium and lateral stamen ring. Each discoid nectary forms immediately before flower opening and degenerates within 24 h. Three stages of nectary development are identified: preactive, active, and postactive. Preactive and active nectaries are composed of a single-layered epidermis that contains many open stomata, with guard cells having thickened walls, starch-engorged plastids, and other organelles. The major portion of each nectary consists of thin-walled special parenchyma cells, each having dense cytoplasm with a nucleus, Golgi bodies and vesicles, mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic reticulum, many ribosomes, and one or more vacuoles. Fingers of phloem consisting of sieve tubes and companion cells, both with very small wall ingrowths and thought to provide sugars, penetrate the nectary at its base. The fingers originate from 10 vascular bundles with xylem, which innervate the stamen ring peripheral to the nectary. At the beginning of the active stage, special parenchyma around the phloem fingers become highly vacuolated first by each vacuole filling with non-water-soluble material and ribosome-like particles. In many of these cells and in the nonstomata epidermal cells, cytoplasmic bridges are associated with the vacuoles, and straight tubes containing single files of ribosome-like particles occur in the cytoplasm, or traverse plasmodesmata. In addition, bundles of tubules are often seen pressed to the outside of the vacuole tonoplast and in the cytoplasm before and during the time the tonoplast fragments and the vacuole contents mix with the cytoplasmic organelles. These cells then collapse, releasing their contents through the pores of the guard cells and onto the nectary surface. This holocrine secretion is different from that reported for other legume taxa and most other nonlegume taxa and suggests apoptosis. Remaining nectary special parenchyma cells follow the same fate, along with the epidermal cells, so that the entire nectary collapses, leaving only some of the guard cells intact. There are two types of elongate nonglandular trichomes and one type of short five-to seven-celled glandular trichome on the gynoecium adjacent to the nectary. These latter trichomes seem to be developed and functional during the active and postactive stages and following nectary collapse, suggesting that the nectar may consist of a variety of compounds originating from both the nectary and the glandular trichomes.

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“…Their density may be unequal between abaxial and adaxial parts of FN (Sinjushin, 2023). In many taxa (members of the Fabeae, Galegeae, Trifolieae, Loteae and others), modified stomata are only found in the abaxial part of the receptacle (Murrell et al, 1982;Stpiczyńska, 1995, Heneidak & Hassan, 2007Sinjushin et al, 2022) (Figure 1h,i,l). In flowers of some, though not all, members of Vicia, the secretory stomata are placed on the ligulate outgrowth of the receptacle (Figure 1h; Stpiczyńska, 1995, Heneidak & Hassan, 2007.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Floral nectaries in Leguminosae: structure, diversity, and possible evolution

Sinjushin

2024

Preprint

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Floral nectar is a key reward in Leguminosae despite the exceptional diversity of flowers in this family. The paper aims to summarize the available data on structure, ontogeny, regulation, and possible evolution of the leguminous floral nectaries. To date, detailed characterization of ultrastructure and mode of secretion is available only for a few representative of the family whereas the majority remains understudied from this perspective. In most cases, regardless of flower symmetry, nectaries are localized between stamens and a carpel. The nectar is usually exuded from modified stomata although the exact mode of secretion by specialized parenchyma may differ between taxa. The leguminous floral nectaries often have certain features of monosymmetry with preferentially abaxial development. Nectaries were independently lost in several lineages, and equally recurrent is the emergence of substitutive, i.e. evolutionary innovative, nectar-producing structures. Floral nectaries possess a certain degree of evolutionary inertia, i.e. they remain stable even in lineages in which flower morphology underwent significant changes compared with an ancestral plan, such as shifts in merism, symmetry, organ number and alike. Due to their evolutionary stability, floral nectaries are rarely used in taxonomy of Leguminosae.

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NECTAR PRODUCTION AND FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS IN BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus L.)

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Variations in Structure among Androecia and Floral Nectaries in the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae)

Variations in Structure among Androecia and Floral Nectaries in the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae)

Floral Nectary Fine Structure and Development inGlycine maxL. (Fabaceae)

Floral nectaries in Leguminosae: structure, diversity, and possible evolution

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