Nectar Production, Composition, Energetics and Pollinator Attractiveness in Spring Flowers of Western New York

Southwick, Edward E.; Loper, G. M.; Sadwick, Steven E.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1981.tb07816.x

Cited by 84 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Experimental changes in ambicnt relative humidity have no effect on the amount of sugars secreted hy extrafloral nectaries of Aüanthus but modify the volume of the nectar drop (Bory, 1983). Recent studies have shown that there is a significant negative correlation hetwccn nectar solute concentration and relative humidity ; the drier air, the more concentrated the nectar (Corbet, 1978 ;Southwick et al, 1981 ;Pleasants, 1983 ;Corbet and Delfosse, 1984).…”

Section: B -Variations Occuring Undcr Controllcd Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of different factors (microc1imatic conditions, flower age, time of the day, nectar removal. .. ) influencing the nectar production rate and the sugar concentration of the nectar have hcen also quantitativcly investigated (Thyri, 1978 ;Baker and llaker, 1979;Corbet et al, 1979a and b;Brink and De Wct, 1980;Southwick et al, 1981 ;Plcasants, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of foliar nectaries in the physiology of tree of heaven (Ailanthus glandulosaDesf., Simaroubaceae)

Bory

Clair-Maczulajtys

1990

Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. Lettres Botaniques

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Importance of foliar nectaries in the physiology of tree of heaven (Ailanthus glandulosa Desf., Simaroubaceae) hy Gérard Summary.-Our knowledge of the role of extrafloral nectaries in the tree physiology is limited ex ce pt the ecological function.Ailanthus g/andu/osa is characterized by a very diversified secretory system in which foliar nectaries are the major components. The initiation of these nectaries may be due to a carbohydrate accumulation du ring the ontogeny of leaves.With an important requirement of pholosynthetic products (vegetative growth, flowering, fruit development), carbohydrate accumulation in leal is no important. Normal plastids ara obsarvad and photosynthetic activity is maximum. Excass in carbohydrates is evacuated by nectaries. Wh en the raquirement for assimilates disappears (inflorescence abortion, fall of staminate flowers, cessation of vegetative growth) piast ids of palisade cells accumulate large starch grains and numerous plastoglobuli. Starch and lipids increase in the lamina and photosynthetic activity and nectar secretion decrease. The se transformations are irreversible. The ablation of foliar nectaries leads to a carbohydrate and lipid accumulation in the leal and reduced the reconstitution of starch reserves in the branch.Foliar nectaries are considered as systems allowing to elimination of excess in sugars and seems to be systems which play an important part in the regulation of photosynthetic activity.Résumé. -les études réalisées à propos du rôle des nectaires extralloraux dans la vie de la plante sont surtout relatives à leur fonction écologique. les nectaires extralloraux sont souvent considérés comme des organes exerçant une protection indirecte contre les insectes phytophages. En effet, le nectar sécrété attire fréquemment des fourmis et des insectes parasites de phytophages qui s'en nourrissent. leur présence réduit Je nombre d'insectes prédateurs du feuillage ou des graines. Ces relations de mutualisme ont été signalées par de nombreux auteurs (Elias et Gelband, 1975 ;Bentley, 1976 ; Kea/er, 1977 ;Beckmann et Stanley, 1981 ;Koptur, 1980Koptur, , 1981Hespenheide, 1985).En revanche, il existe très peu de travaux consacrés aux fonctions physiologiques des nectaires extrafloraux. Ils ont été successivement envisagés comme des réservoirs à glucides utilisables dans la croissance des jeunes organes (Bonnier, 1878), comme des •puits• capables de stimuler le transport des glucides vers les parties jeunes dela plante (Ziegler, 1965), comme de simples lieux de pertes de sucres (Meyber et Kristen, 1981 ;Southwick, 1984), comme des systèmes rentrant en compétition avec d'autres organes consommateurs de glucides (Gaillochet et Faucher, 1982; Corbet et De/fosse, 1984) ou encore comme ·soupape de sûreté" permettant d'éliminer l'excédent de glucides d'un organe particulier (Frey-Wissling, 1933;Zimmermann, 1953;Mound, 1962 ;Maheshwari et Chakrabarty, 1966).Grâce à la synthèse des observations et des expérimentations réalisées à propos du feuillage de l'Ailante glanduleux (Aila...

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Section: B -Variations Occuring Undcr Controllcd Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of foliar nectaries in the physiology of tree of heaven (Ailanthus glandulosaDesf., Simaroubaceae)

Bory

Clair-Maczulajtys

1990

Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. Lettres Botaniques

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“…They display various features to attract pollinators such as flower color, shape, and odor (Raguso 2004). Flowers also provide nectar and pollen as rewards (Southwick et al 1981;Waser 1986). For bees, they represent unique food sources for both adults and larvae (Michener 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen and nectar quality drive the major and minor floral choices of bumble bees

et al. 2014

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-To investigate whether floral resource quality impacts on bumble bee floral choices, we determined the pollen foraging constancy and floral choices of four bumble bee species commonly occurring in peaty, wet meadows in South Belgium. We subsequently analyzed the chemical contents of pollen and nectar, as well as the nectar production of the major host plant species. Individuals of B. lapidarius and B. pascuorum collected high-quality pollen (i.e., having high essential amino acid and phytosterol content) on Comarum palustre and Trifolium pratense, whereas individuals of B. terrestris s.l. and B. hypnorum enlarged their diet breadth to less valuable pollen resources (Cirsium palustre and Valeriana repens). Since Persicaria bistorta and Comarum palustre offer abundant and concentrated nectar, these plant species might represent major nectar sources for bumble bee species in peaty, wet meadows. The present study demonstrated the role of pollen composition on differences in foraging strategies among bumble bee species.amino acids / floral rewards / nectar sugars / phytosterols / polylectism

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“…Quantidade, concentração e teor de açúcares encontrados no néctar, dão parâmetros para estabelecer o seu nicho trófico e, por isso, são discutidos por vários autores como agentes determinantes de atração alimentar, assim como a distinção que é feita por esses insetos quando da coleta do mesmo (Heinrich & Raven, 1972;Corbet & Wilmer, 1981;Southwick et al, 1981;Baker & Baker, 1983;Gottsberger et al, 1984;Roubik & Buchmann, 1984;Real & Rathcke, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Características Morfológicas e Bioquímicas do pólen coletado por cinco espécies de Meliponíneos da Amazônia Central

Μarques-Souza¹,

Miranda²,

Moura³

et al. 2002

Acta Amaz.

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RESUMO -Durante um ano, o pólen transportado por Melipona compressipes manaosensis, Melipona seminigra merrillae, Melipona seminigra seminigra, Frieseomelitta sp. e Scaptotrigona sp. foi coletado diretamente das corbículas das operárias. Feita a identificação dos grãos de pólen constatou-se que a abelha mais generalista foi Scaptotrigona sp., seguida de Frieseomelitta sp., as quais juntas coletaram mais tipos polínicos que as três espécies de meliponas. Duas espécies de plantas: Miconia myrianthera e Myrcia amazonica, tiveram seu pólen coletado pelas cinco espécies de meliponíneos durante o ano todo. Quanto à morfologia do pólen, não houve correlação significativa que comprovasse que as abelhas coletassem o pólen de acordo com a forma, ornamentação e o tamanho dos grãos. As cinco espécies de meliponíneos coletaram pólen de diversas formas e tamanhos. Tudo indica que as abelhas coletam o pólen de acordo com os nutrientes contidos no seu protoplasma. Análises bioquímicas de alguns tipos polínicos encontrados nas corbículas das abelhas apresentaram alto teor de açúcares solúveis totais, açúcares redutores e amido. Palavras-chave: Amazônia, meliponíneos, abelhas sem ferrão, pólen, morfologia polínica Characteristics of Pollen Collected by Five Species of Meliponid Bees of Central Amazonia.ABSTRACT -The pollen grains collected by Melipona seminigra merrillae, Melipona compressipes manaosensis, Melipona seminigra seminigra, Frieseomelitta sp. and Scaptotrigona sp. were obtained directly from the corbiculae of the worker bees during one year. Identification of the pollen grains showed that Scaptotrigona sp. was the most generalist bee, followed by Frieseomelitta sp., which together collected more pollen taxa than the three species of Melipona. Pollen from three plant species: -Miconia myrianthera, Myrcia amazonica e Tapirira guianensis -were collected by this five bee species. Regarding pollen morphology, no significant

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Nectar Production, Composition, Energetics and Pollinator Attractiveness in Spring Flowers of Western New York

Cited by 84 publications

References 22 publications

Importance of foliar nectaries in the physiology of tree of heaven (Ailanthus glandulosaDesf., Simaroubaceae)

Importance of foliar nectaries in the physiology of tree of heaven (Ailanthus glandulosaDesf., Simaroubaceae)

Pollen and nectar quality drive the major and minor floral choices of bumble bees

Características Morfológicas e Bioquímicas do pólen coletado por cinco espécies de Meliponíneos da Amazônia Central

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