Nectar Secretion: Its Ecological Context and Physiological Regulation

Escalante-Pérez, María; Heil, Martin

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23047-9_9

Cited by 41 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…Some researchers, however, have suggested that it is phylogeny which determines nectar composition (Galetto and Bernardello, 2003;Chalcoff et al, 2006;Nicolson and Thornburg, 2007), whereas others have shown that nectar composition is relatively labile and can be influenced by abiotic factors such as habitat, temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and CO 2 level (Davis, 2003;Nicolson and Thornburg, 2007;Nepi et al, 2012), together with biotic factors such as the presence of yeasts (Herrera et al, 2009). Moreover, nectar composition may be influenced by plant hormones Escalante-Perez and Heil, 2012) and also, at the intraspecific level, it can vary in accordance with the age of the flower, its position on the plant and on the inflorescence, as well as its sexual stage (Pacini and Nepi, 2007;Nepi et al, 2012;Nocentini et al, 2012). In some species, nectar sugars and nectar volume diminish, often as a consequence of resorption by floral organs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nectary Structure in Dichogamous Flowers of Polemonium Caeruleum L. (Polemoniaceae)

Stpiczyńska¹,

Kamińska²,

Zych³

2012

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica

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The flowers of Polemonium caeruleum are protandrous. The nectary is in the form of a rim encircling the ovary. Secreted nectar accumulates in a chamber located at the bottom of the floral tube and is protected by dense staminal hairs. The nectary tissue is not vascularized, but is supplied by vascular strands that occur near the base of the nectary and which directly supply the stamens. Nectar is secreted via modified stomata located on the upper part of the rim, particularly on the adaxial surface. The number of stomata and the volume and sugar concentration of nectar are greater during the female stage than during the male stage. In both stages, however, the nectar is sucrose-dominant. This paper shows that in P. caeruleum the nectar sugars are not a direct product of current photosynthesis, since plastids of nectary cells are devoid of chlorophyll. The main source of sugars in secreted nectar is the phloem sap, together with starch that accumulates in the nectary cells during the male stage and is then rapidly hydrolyzed during the female stage.K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds s: : Nectar secretion, histochemistry, protandry, Polemoniaceae, red-listed plant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nectary Structure in Dichogamous Flowers of Polemonium Caeruleum L. (Polemoniaceae)

Stpiczyńska¹,

Kamińska²,

Zych³

2012

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica

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“…However, even less is known about EFN secretion (Escalante-Pérez and Heil, 2012). Holocrine secretion is characterized by programmed cell death that, in a one-step process, causes release of the entire cell content into exterior parts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Poplar Extrafloral Nectaries: Two Types, Two Strategies of Indirect Defenses against Herbivores

Escalante-Pérez

Jaborsky

Lautner³

et al. 2012

Plant Physiology

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Many plant species grow extrafloral nectaries and produce nectar to attract carnivore arthropods as defenders against herbivores. Two nectary types that evolved with Populus trichocarpa (Ptr) and Populus tremula 3 Populus tremuloides (Ptt) were studied from their ecology down to the genes and molecules. Both nectary types strongly differ in morphology, nectar composition and mode of secretion, and defense strategy. In Ptt, nectaries represent constitutive organs with continuous merocrine nectar flow, nectary appearance, nectar production, and flow. In contrast, Ptr nectaries were found to be holocrine and inducible. Neither mechanical wounding nor the application of jasmonic acid, but infestation by sucking insects, induced Ptr nectar secretion. Thus, nectaries of Ptr and Ptt seem to answer the same threat by the use of different mechanisms.

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“…The potential role of PttSLAH3 in extrafloral nectaries Despite the ecological importance of floral and extrafloral nectaries (Heil, 2011;Escalante-P erez & Heil, 2012), little is known about the mechanism driving nectar secretion. Nectaries of the Ptt hybrid operate long-term nectar secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, only a few studies have identified genes involved in nectar secretion, which may comprise carrier-based transport of individual molecules across the plasmalemma of nectaries and/or a vesicle-based symplastic pathway (Ruhlmann et al, 2010;Escalante-P erez & Heil, 2012;Lin et al, 2014). In the Populus tremula 9 Populus tremuloides (Ptt) hybrid, certain gene pools containing both carriers and vesicle cargo-based solute and membrane transporters have been identified as operating extrafloral nectaries, which provide long-term nectar flow .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SLAH3‐type anion channel expressed in poplar secretory epithelia operates in calcium kinase CPK‐autonomous manner

Jaborsky¹,

Maierhofer²,

Olbrich³

et al. 2016

New Phytologist

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Summary Extrafloral nectaries secrete a sweet sugar cocktail that lures predator insects for protection from foraging herbivores. Apart from sugars and amino acids, the nectar contains the anions chloride and nitrate. Recent studies with Populus have identified a type of nectary covered by apical bipolar epidermal cells, reminiscent of the secretory brush border epithelium in animals. Border epithelia operate transepithelial anion transport, which is required for membrane potential and/or osmotic adjustment of the secretory cells. In search of anion transporters expressed in extrafloral nectaries, we identified PttSLAH3 (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides SLAC1 Homologue3), an anion channel of the SLAC/SLAH family. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, PttSLAH3 displayed the features of a voltage‐dependent anion channel, permeable to both nitrate and chloride. In contrast to the Arabidopsis SLAC/SLAH family members, the poplar isoform PttSLAH3 is independent of phosphorylation activation by protein kinases. To understand the basis for the autonomous activity of the poplar SLAH3, we generated and expressed chimera between kinase‐independent PttSLAH3 and kinase‐dependent Arabidopsis AtSLAH3. We identified the N‐terminal tail and, to a lesser extent, the C‐terminal tail as responsible for PttSLAH3 kinase‐(in)dependent action. This feature of PttSLAH3 may provide the secretory cell with a channel probably controlling long‐term nectar secretion.

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Nectar Secretion: Its Ecological Context and Physiological Regulation

Cited by 41 publications

References 151 publications

Nectary Structure in Dichogamous Flowers of Polemonium Caeruleum L. (Polemoniaceae)

Nectary Structure in Dichogamous Flowers of Polemonium Caeruleum L. (Polemoniaceae)

Poplar Extrafloral Nectaries: Two Types, Two Strategies of Indirect Defenses against Herbivores

SLAH3‐type anion channel expressed in poplar secretory epithelia operates in calcium kinase CPK‐autonomous manner

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