Need Assessment for Coastal Tourism Area in the Face of Tsunami Risk: The Case of Pangandaran

Abstract

As the fourth world's longest coastline, coastal tourism has become a significant component of Indonesia’s economy. Approximately 57% of this coastline is prone to the deadliest coastal hazard, i.e., tsunami. The progressive development of the tourism industry has created a massive increase in built infrastructure, hotels, roads, electrical and water distribution systems, and an increased number of people, including tourists and tourism workers, in rural coastal tourism areas. Due to the tsunami threat, rural coastal tourism regions' economic and social development faces enormous potential losses in lives and infrastructure and disruption of economic activity, especially for small and medium business enterprises. However, this coastal tourism industry has failed to engage in proper disaster risk reduction strategy and tourism business resilient building in most tourist destination regions in Indonesia. To address these complex problems, this study explores the adaptation of the concept of Business Continuity Plan of a single enterprise to upscale to an area or zone, i.e., the Area Business Continuity Planning, to enhance the holistic disaster-resilient tourism industry in Indonesia, with Pangandaran as the study location. As a newly formed regency, Pangadaran is an emerging super-destination tourism area designated by national and provincial governments. This region experienced a devastating tsunami in 2006, and even today, its coastal communities live under the threat of tsunamis that South Java Megathrust can generate. Based on an in-depth and holistic study, this study finds the Pangandaran coastal tourism resilience level, recognizing critical stakeholders and identifying the collaborative BCP strategies in Pangandaran.