Needs and Perspectives of Tsunami Research in Europe

Tinti, Stefano

doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0205-9_2

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Most tsunami research in the past has focused on seismic tsunamis. Recently, after several destructive tsunamis caused by huge submarine landslides, more attention has been directed at improving our understanding of tsunamis produced by underwater slope failures [ Tinti , 2002].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of the landslide‐generated tsunami in Kitimat Arm, British Columbia, Canada, 27 April 1975

Skvortsov¹,

Bornhold²

2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] It remains challenging to predict and estimate potential damage from tsunamis using computer models. One of the approaches to validate models is to compare their results with site observations. We carried out numerical modeling for both the underwater landslide and the associated tsunami that occurred near Kitimat, British Columbia, Canada on 27 April 1975. A few observations of high water marks along the coastline indicated 8.2 m tsunami waves. Previous survey results of the seafloor showed that a landslide traveled about 5 km down the axis of the fjord from its source areas on the sidewall of the fjord, near the head of the inlet, and on the lower Kitimat River delta. We modeled the subaqueous slope failure as a Bingham visco-plastic fluid (debris flow) based on previous geotechnical investigations at the site, and numerically solved the landslidegenerated tsunami wave and debris flow equations using a finite-volume Godunov-type scheme. This method resolves abrupt wave and landslide front interactions and remains oscillation-free. The computed motion of the debris flow is generally consistent with observations; simulations indicate that the failure propagated approximately 4.5 km down the fjord axis from its inception point. We have found that computed amplitudes for the tsunami wave crest at the coast of Kitimat Arm were between 6 and 11 m; these values are somewhat higher than previous simplistic solitary wave theory estimates of 6.3 m and observations of 8.2 m.Citation: Skvortsov, A., and B. Bornhold (2007), Numerical simulation of the landslide-generated tsunami in Kitimat Arm, British

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of the landslide‐generated tsunami in Kitimat Arm, British Columbia, Canada, 27 April 1975

Skvortsov¹,

Bornhold²

2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…The waves had a period of 3-4 min and run-ups onshore were as high as 10-15 m on the surrounding islands (Umboi, Sakar), 10 m at Hatzfeldhafen (at 330 km from the volcano) and 5 m at Rabaul (at 500 km). Larger failures-tens to hundreds of km 3 -were evidenced on the flanks of oceanic shield volcanoes (e.g. [56][57][58][59][60][61][62]).…”

Section: Volcanic Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These systems are not suited to deal with other sources of tsunamis, such as landslides and volcanic eruptions. Harmonizing and integrating all kinds of tsunami sources in a probabilistic analysis of tsunami hazard and warning systems is challenging, as it requires different mechanisms of wave generation and different monitoring techniques to be combined [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source mechanisms of volcanic tsunamis

Paris

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

111

104

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Volcanic tsunamis are generated by a variety of mechanisms, including volcano-tectonic earthquakes, slope instabilities, pyroclastic flows, underwater explosions, shock waves and caldera collapse. In this review, we focus on the lessons that can be learnt from past events and address the influence of parameters such as volume flux of mass flows, explosion energy or duration of caldera collapse on tsunami generation. The diversity of waves in terms of amplitude, period, form, dispersion, etc. poses difficulties for integration and harmonization of sources to be used for numerical models and probabilistic tsunami hazard maps. In many cases, monitoring and warning of volcanic tsunamis remain challenging (further technical and scientific developments being necessary) and must be coupled with policies of population preparedness.

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“…From the fluid mechanical point of view, large waves that can be created by volcanic caldera collapses or asteroid impacts can also be categorized within this particular subset of tsunamis. Landslide tsunamis have been extensively studied in the past (Miloh & Striem 1978; Jiang & LeBlonde 1992, 1993, 1994; Imamura & Gica 1996; Watts 1998, 2000; Grilli & Watts 1999; Watts et al 2000, 2003; Ward 2001; Todorovska et al 2002; Tinti 2003; Tinti et al 2003; Walder et al 2003). Alongside many mathematical models that use shallow‐water equations to model the propagation of the gravity waves created by submarine mass failures, there are relatively new studies (Ward 2001; Grilli et al 2002) that look at the 3‐D problem without making shallow‐water approximation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A semi-spectral modelling of landslide tsunamis

Postacıoğlu

Özeren

2008

Geophysical Journal International

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SUMMARY A new, semi‐spectral technique based on integral equations is introduced for the landslide tsunami problem. The technique does not use the shallow water approximation and resolves the dispersive surface wavefield generated by sliding material over a bathymetric profile. The wave scattering due to the bathymetric profile on which the slide occurs is calculated solving an integral equation. On the free surface, the linearized kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions are imposed. Method of images is adopted to solve for a source‐sink distribution on the bathymetry to simulate the motion of the landslide and to satisfy the kinematic condition on the sea bottom. An asymptotic relation for the far field is also derived. The application to a landslide tsunami generation scenario in the Sea of Marmara reveals that a thickness H submarine mass failure on the southern rim of the Çınarcık Basin would create a wave peak of around 0.5 H on the ∼1000 m deep Çınarcık Basin.

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Needs and Perspectives of Tsunami Research in Europe

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Numerical simulation of the landslide‐generated tsunami in Kitimat Arm, British Columbia, Canada, 27 April 1975

Numerical simulation of the landslide‐generated tsunami in Kitimat Arm, British Columbia, Canada, 27 April 1975

Source mechanisms of volcanic tsunamis

A semi-spectral modelling of landslide tsunamis

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