Neem: A Novel Biocide for Pest and Disease Control of Plants

Abstract

Plant extracts have recently captivated scientists’ attention as a potential source of biocide for plant protection. This is due to the health and environmental risks associated with the widespread use of synthetic chemicals with adverse effects on humans, nontarget organisms, and the agroecosystem. As a result, more environmentally friendly and safe alternative approaches to synthetic compounds are desirable. Neem (Azadirachta indica) has been identified as a promising biocontrol agent with low toxicity and high efficacy among several plant products for potential chemotherapeutic elements in plant pest and disease management systems. The biocidal potency of neem is attributed to its azadirachtin active ingredient, which impacts some metabolic processes in insects such as protein synthesis, changes in biological fitness, impaired sexual communication, and chitin synthesis. This systematic review intends to gather all the available scientific data regarding the application of neem and its formulations in pest and disease control of plants. The PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis) framework was employed in collecting data for the study. Findings from this review study have demonstrated the use of neem as an effective biocontrol agent for plants’ pests and diseases and have provided a solid foundation for future studies on the plant.

Histopathological effects of neem seeds extracts (Azacdirachta indica) on adults of Rastrococcus invadens (Williams, 1986)

“…This Furthermore, our results confirm the work of several authors on the toxicity of neem extracts on insects (Schmutterer, 1990;Boeke et al, 2004 ;Seye et al, 2006;Gnago et al, 2010 ;Sané et al, 2018 ;Okolo and Iledun, 2019). Neem is considered as a biocide with antifeedant effects, growth inhibition (Sami et al, 2016), insect reproduction (Adhikari et al, 2020;Adusei and Azupio, 2022,) or even sterility depending on the dose (Bajwa an Ahmad, 2012). This fact directed us towards tissues other than the digestive tract unlike other insects which only feed by ingestion such as mosquito larvae (Ndione et al, 2005 ;Seye et al, 2006Seye et al, , 2021Bawin et al,, 2016) or locusts (Nasiruddin et al, 1993).…”

Pest risk assessment of Leucinodes orbonalis for the European Union

“…Regular pruning Wider spacing between rows (40+ cm) Bagging the fruit during the growing phase to prevent borer attack Vermicompost Low soil moisture Sex pheromone traps (gland extracts of the female brinjal fruit and shoot borer; synthetically produced pheromone blend) Traps: Sticky delta trap, sticky wing trap, Uni‐trap, Spodoptera trap, Open‐delta trap, Water trap, Funnel trap, Water trap, Flight‐T trap, Cross winged trap Methomyl Monocrotophos Novaluron Oxymatrine Parathion Parathion‐methyl Phenthoate Phorate Phosalone Phosphamidon Profenofos Pyriproxyfen Quinalphos Spinetoram Spinosad Spiromesifen Sulphur Teflubenzuron Thiacloprid Thiamethoxam Thiodicarb Thiometon Triazophos Trichlorfon Triflumuron Urea zeta‐Cypermethrin Zineb Beta‐Cyfluthrin Entomopathogenic fungus: Trichoderma longibrachiatum , Aspergillus ochraceus, A. niger , Beauveria bassiana , Penicillium expansum, Bipolaris tetramera Entomopathogenic bacteria: Serratia marcescens References Abrol and Singh ( 2003 ), Adhi et al. ( 2022 ), Adusei and Azupio ( 2022 ), Affrin et al. ( 2017 ), Ahmad et al.…”

Efficacy of Different Levels of Hydrogel and Crop Geometric Strategies in Overcoming the Pessimistic Effect of Abiotic Stress on Growth and Yield Attributes of Spring Maize (Zea mays L.)

“…The humic acid and hydrogel could have properly maintained the soil moisture for the crop at the seedling stage and perhaps safeguarded the crop from abiotic stress (Albalasmeh et al, 2022). The properties of neem powder might have shielded the seedlings at the early stages by repelling insects and averting their development by providing natural fumigation (Adusei and Azupio, 2022).…”