Neem leaves extract (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on male reproductive system: a mini-review

Abstract

Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is the tropical plant of the family Meliaceae that has been used as medicine. Almost all parts, i.e., leaves, stems, bark, roots, seeds, and flowers can be used to medicate multiple diseases. Apart from medicine and other health benefits, neem is a very promising plant as it could be used to reduce the rate of population growth. The aim of this review is to figure out the effect of neem leaves on the male reproductive system which can be developed into safe and reversible male contraception. The article review used online databases to conduct keyword searches and investigate the active compounds in neem leaves that could serve as antifertility, the effect of neem leaves on reproductive hormones and spermatogenesis. Several studies show that neem leaves can affect the male reproductive system by interfering spermatogenesis, e.g., reducing the amount, motility, and morphology of the spermatozoa, affecting the structure and function of the testes which cause a decrease in the quality of spermatozoa. Abnormal spermatozoa could reduce spermatozoa ability to fertilize. Thus neem leaves can be proposed as male contraceptives.

Reproductive Effects of Medicinal Plant (Azadirachta indica) Used as Forage and for Ethnoveterinary Practices: New Insights from Animal Models

“…However, recent emerging evidence suggests that various parts and fractions of AI may possess both anti-reproductive and antifertility properties in both male and female animals [16][17][18]. These acclaimed antifertility and anti-reproductive properties of AI could adversely impact on the reproduction of food-producing animals or even humans, when the plant is used as forage or for the traditional treatment of diseases [6,19].…”

Safety Test for Ethanolic Neem Leaf (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) Extract on Male Mice (Mus musculus L) Renal Structure

“…Alzohairy (2016) menyatakan bahwa tanaman mimba memiliki aktivitas biologi dan farmakologis yaitu anti-bakteri, anti-fungi, anti-inflamasi, anti-arthritis, anti-piretik, hipoglikemik, antibakteri dan antitumor. Seriana et al (2019) menyatakan bahwa daun mimba mengandung senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai antifertilitas, baik pada hewan jantan maupun betina sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menekan pertumbuhan populasi hewan tersebut.…”

Cytogenotoxicity of Aqueous Azadirachta indica A. Juss Extracts on Nile Tilapia – Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Under Static Exposure

“…7 Neem has been extensively used by humans since primeval times to treat diverse illnesses. 8 The Neem plants have various names amongst which are "Twenty-first-century trees" and "a-tree-forsolving-global-problems" because of its extraordinarily natural properties (anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, immunemodulatory, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-ulcer, anti-mutagenic, anticancer, anti-malarial, anti-viral, anti-oxidant, 9 anti-fertility, 10,11 in treating various diseases and has many benefits to humans and animals. 12 In Aquaculture, it is common management practice to get rid of fish diseases which cause enormous economic losses in productivity and are mainly controlled with noxious chemicals which are usually applied erratically.…”