Neem oil poisoning: Case report of an adult with toxic encephalopathy

Mishra, Ajay Kumar; Dave, Nikhil

doi:10.4103/0972-5229.120330

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Azadirachta Indica seed oil showed no effect on serum lipid profile. These results are in corroboration with the findings of Bruna Dallaqua et al in 2012 [29], who observed that the concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in non-diabetic rats treated with A. indica seed oil produced no statistically significant difference compared to non-diabetic rats treated with azadirachtin. The preventive and curative antidiabetic effect of neem oil observed in our study could be explained by the high amount of linoleic acid found in the neem oil.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Pytochemical Characterization, Evaluation of the Anti-diabetic Activity and Acute Toxicity of Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) Seed Oil in Wistar Rat Models

Nkeng-Asong¹,

Fokunang²,

Borgia³

et al. 2019

AJRIMPS

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Aim: Azadirachta indica A. Juss commonly called ‘Indian Lilac’ or ‘Margosa’ is used in the South West region of Cameroon to treat malaria, typhoid, intestinal worms and diabetes, and as mosquito repellent. Diabetes, a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, is associated with long term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. This study was designed to determine the phytochemical constituents and to investigate the anti-diabetic property of Azadirachta indica A. Juss seed oil obtained from the Far North region of Cameroon in alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats. Method: An in vivo experimental study was conducted in the laboratory for preclinical animal studies and pharmaco-toxicology research, of FMBS, UY1 Cameroon. A study population of 135 albino Wistar rats with average mass 100 ± 20g was used. The phytochemical screening of the seed oil used was done using the GC-MS technique. The antihyperglycemic property of the oil was evaluated after oral glucose hyperglycemia induction, using 2g/kg body mass of glucose. The anti-diabetic property of the oil was evaluated over a period of 28 days, and blood glucose concentration after diabetes induction using alloxan solution in citrate buffer. The oral acute toxicity profile of the oil was evaluated over a period of 14 days following oral single dose 3 mL/100g administration of neem oil. Results: Physico-chemical results showed that the oil was composed mainly of five fatty acides (oleic acid (30-55%) being the most abundant and linoleic acid (11-26%) least abundant) and nineteen biochemicals with the three most abundant being: nonacosane (20.6575%), hentriacontane (14.1515%) and 2-methylbenzaldehyde (11.8674%). The oil was antihyperglycemic and maximum effect observed at 1mL/100g body mass, and at t=20minutes, compared to 0.5 mL and 1.5 mL. Conclusion: This study showed that neem oil have a promising preventive diabetic properties. The oil also proved to be antidiabetic at the doses of 0.5 mL, 1 mL and 1.5 mL per 100g body mass, with maximum effect observed with neem oil at 1ml/100g. Acute toxicity results showed no lethality at the maximum standard toxicity range of 2000mg/kg body weight.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Pytochemical Characterization, Evaluation of the Anti-diabetic Activity and Acute Toxicity of Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) Seed Oil in Wistar Rat Models

Nkeng-Asong¹,

Fokunang²,

Borgia³

et al. 2019

AJRIMPS

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“…The potential of N. sativa to modulate B cell-mediated immune response while balancing Th1/Th2 ratio to potentiate T cells-mediated immune response merits further investigation. This activity can be explored as an adjunct to potential vaccine candidates to mediate meaningful and sustained immune response post vaccination (Petrovsky, 2006), which is one of the main challenges with current (Koley and Lal, 1994;Talwar et al, 1995;Talwar et al, 1997;Badary et al, 1998;Hore et al, 1999;Salem and Hossain, 2000;Petrovsky, 2006;Bamosa et al, 2010;Datau et al, 2010;Iyyadurai et al, 2010;Momoh et al, 2010;Salem et al, 2011;Schumacher et al, 2011;Venugopalan et al, 2011;Aljindil, 2012;Choudhary et al, 2012;Momoh et al, 2012;Abdel-Moneim et al, 2013;Li et al, 2013;Mishra and Dave, 2013;Saalu et al, 2013;Adedapo et al, 2014;Nabukenya et al, 2014;Tran et al, 2014;Ulasli et al, 2014;Yee et al, 2014;Gholamnezhad et al, 2015;Majdalawieh and Fayyad, 2015;Ashfaq et al, 2016;George et al, 2016;Im et al, 2016;Omoregie and Pal, 2016;Rehman et al, 2016;Zakaria et al, 2016;Onasanwo et al, 2017;Salem et al, 2017;Tavakkoli et al, 2017;Asante et al, 2019;…”

Section: Medicinal Plants In Covid 19: Efficacy Safety and Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several animal toxicity studies have reported variable adverse effects including arrhythmia, hypoglycaemia, and blood pressure reduction at high doses of neem leaf extracts ( Koley and Lal, 1994 ; Hore et al, 1999 ). Human cases of acidosis and renal injury have also been reported on neem seed oil consumption ( Iyyadurai et al, 2010 ; Mishra and Dave, 2013 ). In pregnant women, neem seed extracts should be avoided as animal studies have shown its abortifacient effects ( Talwar et al, 1997 ) while human trials have reported its anti-human chorionic gonadotropin effects ( Talwar et al, 1995 ).…”

Section: Medicinal Plants In Covid 19: Efficacy Safety and Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Plants in COVID-19: Potential and Limitations

2021

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Currently, the search to identify treatments and vaccines for novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are ongoing. Desperation within the community, especially among the middle-and low-income groups acutely affected by the economic impact of forced lockdowns, has driven increased interest in exploring alternative choices of medicinal plant-based therapeutics. This is evident with the rise in unsubstantiated efficacy claims of these interventions circulating on social media. Based on enquiries received, our team of researchers was given the chance to produce evidence summaries evaluating the potential of complementary interventions in COVID-19 management. Here, we present and discuss the findings of four selected medicinal plants (Nigella sativa, Vernonia amygdalina, Azadirachta indica, Eurycoma longifolia), with reported antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects that might be interesting for further investigation. Our findings showed that only A. indica reported positive antiviral evidence specific to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) based on preliminary in silico data while all four medicinal plants demonstrated differential anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory effects. The definitive roles of these medicinal plants in cytokine storms and post-infection complications remains to be further investigated. Quality control and standardisation of medicinal plant-based products also needs to be emphasized. However, given the unprecedented challenges faced, ethnopharmacological research should be given a fair amount of consideration for contribution in this pandemic.

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“…Toxic ingestion results in neurotoxicity and hematotoxicity -resulting in vomiting, drowsiness, metabolic acidosis, polymorphonuclear leucocytosis, anemia and encephalopathy. [25][26][27]…”

Section: Neem Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and clinical profile of various plant poisons in a tertiary care center in South Tamilnadu, India

2019

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Background: Plant poisoning is a common scenario in a toxicology unit . Some of the plants contain active components used as medicines. However, some of the plant constituents are poisonous with wide variety of clinical manifestations. Authors aimed to study the pattern of various types of plant poisons and clinical presentations and complications of various plant poisons admitted in our toxicological unit.Methods: A total of 87 patients admitted with history of plant poison ingestion, in toxicological unit of Tirunelveli medical college were studied . It was a retrospective observational study and was done over a period of one year.Results: Out of 87 cases studied, 92%were due to consumption with suicidal intention. Plant poisoning ranks second only to pesticide poisoning . among the plant poisons encountered 66.6% were due to Oleander poison, followed by Datura (8%) and Glory lily(5.7%). Common parts of plant consumed by patients include seeds and plant oils . Vomiting and abdominal pain were the commonest presentations. Encephalopathy, dyselectrolytemia and arrhythmias were the notable complications in our study.Conclusions: Early admission and prompt first aid and monitoring at tertiary care center are key to the reduced mortality. The study throws light on various manifestations, toxic parts and complications of plant poisons.

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Neem oil poisoning: Case report of an adult with toxic encephalopathy

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Pytochemical Characterization, Evaluation of the Anti-diabetic Activity and Acute Toxicity of Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) Seed Oil in Wistar Rat Models

Pytochemical Characterization, Evaluation of the Anti-diabetic Activity and Acute Toxicity of Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) Seed Oil in Wistar Rat Models

Medicinal Plants in COVID-19: Potential and Limitations

Epidemiological and clinical profile of various plant poisons in a tertiary care center in South Tamilnadu, India

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