Negative Appraisal and Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Community Clients With Serious Mental Illness

Sherrer, Margaret V.; Shen, Ce; O’Hare, Thomas

doi:10.1080/15332985.2014.916646

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Also, individual growth curve models based upon the data used in the current study showed no differences for this population in overall sense of threat (Gelkopf et al., in press). Those results are not in line with previous literature (e.g., Sherrer et al., ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

“…The higher PTSS rates in women might be due to increased peritraumatic reactions, and increased appraisal of events as threatening (Irish et al., ; McLean & Anderson, ; Olff, Langeland, Draijer, & Gersons, ). People with SMI, particularly psychotic disorders (Gaynor, Ward, Garety, & Peters, ), and anxiety disorders (Stapinski, Abbott, & Rapee, ), are also more prone to appraise events or situations as threatening or dangerous (Sherrer, ; Sherrer, Shen, & O'Hare, ). However, the link between exposure level, sense of threat, and peritraumatic stress symptoms within these populations still needs clarification.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sense of Threat as a Mediator of Peritraumatic Stress Symptom Development During Wartime: An Experience Sampling Study

Pickman

Greene

Gelkopf

2017

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Exposure and sense of threat have been associated with stress symptoms, yet these relationships have not been clarified during the peritraumatic period. We investigated the mediating role of sense of threat in the link between exposure to rocket warning sirens and stress symptoms during wartime, and the effect of severe mental illness (SMI) status and gender on this mediation. A 30-day twice-daily smartphone-based intensive assessment of exposure to sirens, sense of threat, and peritraumatic stress symptoms was performed during the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict. Participants included 182 highly exposed individuals with or without SMI. Multilevel structural equation modeling analysis was performed, with SMI status and gender as confounders. Exposure affected the level of peritraumatic stress symptoms both directly, b = 1.07, p < .001, 95% CI [0.32, 1.82], and indirectly, b = 0.78, p < .001, 95% CI [0.24, 1.33], through sense of threat. The effect of sense of threat on stress symptoms was larger in the SMI group, b = 0.86, p < .001, 95% CI [0.31, 1.40]. Gender did not have a significant effect. Sense of threat has a key role in symptom development during the peritraumatic timeframe. Intervention and prevention efforts should start early and focus on promoting a sense of safety, particularly with people with SMI.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sense of Threat as a Mediator of Peritraumatic Stress Symptom Development During Wartime: An Experience Sampling Study

Pickman

Greene

Gelkopf

2017

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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“…It may also be that the key element linking physiological and cognitive responses to stress is the psychological appraisal of the experience itself. For example, when understanding the effects of trauma on psychopathological outcomes, cognitive theorists suggest it is not the event itself which matters most but rather the interpretation and attributions formed by the individual after the traumatic experience (Sherrer, Shen, & O'Hare, 2015). Appraisals of circumstances may also be influenced by individual differences such as personality factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not all stress is created equal: Acute, not ambient stress, impairs learning in high schizotypes

2021

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Learning from feedback is essential for daily functioning, with factors that impact learning having implications for healthy and clinical populations. Reinforcement learning appears impaired across the psychosis continuum, with deficits reported in patients with psychotic disorders as well as high schizotypes from the general population. Stress can impair learning, and sensitivity to stress is present along the psychosis continuum. The aim of the present study was to understand if stress impairs reinforcement learning in those at the lower end of the psychosis continuum. We investigated both naturalistic stress in everyday life using daily hassles (Study 1: n = 70; 31% male, M age = 22.67 years) and acute psychosocial stress using the Trier Social Stress Test (Study 2: n = 57; 32% male, M age = 22.43 years). In the presence of naturalistic stress, learning did not differ across schizotypes. However, under acute psychosocial stress, high schizotypes experienced impaired learning. Our results suggest trail‐and‐error learning is robust to the ebbs and flows of everyday stress for high schizotypes; however, acute stress is associated with decrements in learning. This indicates that the magnitude of stressors should be considered when designing cognitive and functional interventions for those along the psychosis continuum.

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“…In line with this, biased appraisal due to impaired cognitive or emotional mechanisms may enhance negative emotional reactions to stress (Fox, Cahill, & Zougkou, 2010). Such biased appraisal is often found in people with mental illness (Fox et al, 2010; Sherrer, Shen, & O'Hare, 2015), who indeed generally show heightened emotional reactivity to stress (Myin‐Germeys et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional reactivity to war stressors: An experience sampling study in people with and without different psychiatric diagnoses

2020

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There is a lack of knowledge regarding real‐time emotional reactivity to high‐intensity stressors, particularly in people with mental illness, a potentially vulnerable population. The current study aimed to examine negative emotional reactions to recurring high‐intensity stressors within a continuous war situation, in people with different psychiatric diagnosis types. Experience sampling method was used to examine emotional reactions among 143 civilians exposed to rockets during the 2014 Israel–Gaza war, of them 18.2% with psychosis, 14.7% with anxiety or depression and 67.1% without mental illness. Participants reported exposure to rocket warning sirens and the levels of 10 negative emotions twice a day for 30 days. Negative emotional levels were higher on most emotions following high‐intensity stressors (sirens), that is, emotional reactivity was demonstrated in real‐time during war. Overall, no difference in reactivity was found among the three study groups. Moreover, people with anxiety/depression were less reactive than people without mental illness on sadness and being overwhelmed. The findings indicate similar and sometimes lower emotional reactivity to high‐intensity stressors in people with mental illness compared to the general population. Nevertheless, people with mental illness seem to have significant emotional needs during war, to be addressed in prevention and intervention efforts.

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Negative Appraisal and Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Community Clients With Serious Mental Illness

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Sense of Threat as a Mediator of Peritraumatic Stress Symptom Development During Wartime: An Experience Sampling Study

Sense of Threat as a Mediator of Peritraumatic Stress Symptom Development During Wartime: An Experience Sampling Study

Not all stress is created equal: Acute, not ambient stress, impairs learning in high schizotypes

Emotional reactivity to war stressors: An experience sampling study in people with and without different psychiatric diagnoses

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