Negative Association Between Mediterranean Diet Adherence and COVID-19 Cases and Related Deaths in Spain and 23 OECD Countries: An Ecological Study

Greene, Michael W.; Roberts, Alexis; Frugé, Andrew D.

doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.591964

Cited by 66 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Beyond the association of the food intake quality and intense physical activity with 25(OH)D sufficiency identified in our report, according to an ecological study by Greene, et al [43], adherence to a healthy dietary pattern is associated with fewer COVID-19 cases and deaths. In particular, the previously mentioned study analyzed adherence to the Mediterranean diet (rich in fresh vegetables and fruits, whole grains, nuts, fish, and extra virgin olive oil) where well-being factors such as income, education, and life satisfaction increased the strength of the association [43,44]. Greene, et al suggest that this result is due to the anti-inflammatory and chronic-disease reducing effects related to the intake of foods included in the Mediterranean diet [43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 38%

“…In particular, the previously mentioned study analyzed adherence to the Mediterranean diet (rich in fresh vegetables and fruits, whole grains, nuts, fish, and extra virgin olive oil) where well-being factors such as income, education, and life satisfaction increased the strength of the association [ 43 , 44 ]. Greene, et al suggest that this result is due to the anti-inflammatory and chronic-disease reducing effects related to the intake of foods included in the Mediterranean diet [ 43 ]. Likewise, Tavakol, et al [ 45 ] reported that patients with a healthy diet pattern presented a lower severity of COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Food Intake Quality with Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients from Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study

González-Estévez

Turrubiates-Hernández

Herrera-Jiménez

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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One of the micronutrients that has attracted the most attention in relation to COVID-19 is vitamin D. Although several factors affect its sufficiency; it has been argued that an optimal diet can ensure the intake of micronutrients with effects on immune response. Therefore, in this work we aimed to evaluate the food intake quality of SARS-CoV-2 positive Mexican patients and some of the common factors related to vitamin D deficiency. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 40 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Serum samples and clinical parameters were collected. Micronutrient intake and food intake quality were assessed with a 24-h dietary recall and the Mini-ECCA v.2, respectively. Thirty-eight percent of the sample had a healthy food intake. The median 25(OH)D concentration was 22.7 ng/mL. A considerable insufficient intake of micronutrients with immunomodulatory effects such as vitamin D (p < 0.0001), vitamin E (p < 0.0001), and zinc (p < 0.0001) was shown. Patients with 25(OH)D sufficiency, defined as a concentration >30 ng/mL, had better food intake quality (p = 0.02) and an intense physical activity (p = 0.03). In conclusion, a better level of food intake quality and intense physical activity are associated with 25(OH)D sufficiency in SARS-CoV-2 positive Mexican patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 38%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Food Intake Quality with Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients from Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study

González-Estévez

Turrubiates-Hernández

Herrera-Jiménez

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…2, 4) correlate with GDP [9,30], therefore it is vital to find answer for the question: which component of wealthy being is the risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection process? In some investigations was observed a negative relationship between COVID-19 associated death rates and using of highly recommended healthy Mediterranean diet across many countries [42][43][44][45][46]. In these investigations was concluded that diet can be important factor among others affecting of current corona-virus pathogenesis.…”

Section: Quantitate Evaluation Of Socioeconomic Factors and Progress Of Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than a few scientific groups have investigated the effects of diet on COVID-19 disease progression and mortality in distinct nations [39,40,42,43,45,46,48]. Kontis and coauthors [27] investigated data from the first wave of pandemic in 21 industrial countries and shown that magnitude of mortality was heterogeneous in this group of patients.…”

Section: Nutrition Habits and Outcomes Of Virus Epidemic In Different Regions Of Five Continentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic and social factors affecting the epidemiological process of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus

Пономаренко¹

2021

Preprint

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Summary Aim. Analyze the impact of several economic and social factors on the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, comparing the latest statistics in large and representative samples. Assess the factors inhibiting the negative consequences of the infectious process of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Materials and methods. To create this review, the required academic and media publications also statistical data were found on the Internet for the selected keywords, both for a single tag and in various combinations of them. Population statistics have been created on the base of data available on the Internet. Results and discussion. The relationship between economic or social factors and the impacts of the 15-month COVID-19 pandemic in different regions was investigated using a variety of available statistics for five continents and 53 countries. A positive relationship was found between the consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and GDP per capita or the type of human diet with correlation coefficients in the range of 0.48-0.87. The development of the viral epidemic demonstrates a less clear correlation on population density from r = -0.68 to r = -0.16, depending on the selected group of countries. For island nations, geographic isolation was the dominant defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions. An analytical and quantitative study of economic or social aspects and numerous statistics on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, carried out on large representative samples, showed that, the productive infection and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, critically increase with an excessive amount of consumed proteins and fats. To successfully control of the progression COVID-19 disease, the WHO guidelines for the amount of macronutrients consumed should be followed. This cost-effective approach will reduce health care expenditures in all countries during the epidemic.

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“…Ecological studies of COVID-19 report favorable correlations with specific vegetables and dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet [8][9][10]. Some dietary supplements were found to have an association with SARS-CoV-2 infection [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Behaviors and Incident COVID-19 in the UK Biobank

Rydland

Achenbach

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Background: Nutritional status influences immunity but its specific association with susceptibility to COVID-19 remains unclear. We examined the association of specific dietary data and incident COVID-19 in the UK Biobank (UKB). Methods: We considered UKB participants in England with self-reported baseline (2006–2010) data and linked them to Public Health England COVID-19 test results—performed on samples from combined nose/throat swabs, using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)—between March and November 2020. Baseline diet factors included breastfed as baby and specific consumption of coffee, tea, oily fish, processed meat, red meat, fruit, and vegetables. Individual COVID-19 exposure was estimated using the UK’s average monthly positive case rate per specific geo-populations. Logistic regression estimated the odds of COVID-19 positivity by diet status adjusting for baseline socio-demographic factors, medical history, and other lifestyle factors. Another model was further adjusted for COVID-19 exposure. Results: Eligible UKB participants (n = 37,988) were 40 to 70 years of age at baseline; 17% tested positive for COVID-19 by SAR-CoV-2 PCR. After multivariable adjustment, the odds (95% CI) of COVID-19 positivity was 0.90 (0.83, 0.96) when consuming 2–3 cups of coffee/day (vs. <1 cup/day), 0.88 (0.80, 0.98) when consuming vegetables in the third quartile of servings/day (vs. lowest quartile), 1.14 (1.01, 1.29) when consuming fourth quartile servings of processed meats (vs. lowest quartile), and 0.91 (0.85, 0.98) when having been breastfed (vs. not breastfed). Associations were attenuated when further adjusted for COVID-19 exposure, but patterns of associations remained. Conclusions: In the UK Biobank, consumption of coffee, vegetables, and being breastfed as a baby were favorably associated with incident COVID-19; intake of processed meat was adversely associated. Although these findings warrant independent confirmation, adherence to certain dietary behaviors may be an additional tool to existing COVID-19 protection guidelines to limit the spread of this virus.

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Negative Association Between Mediterranean Diet Adherence and COVID-19 Cases and Related Deaths in Spain and 23 OECD Countries: An Ecological Study

Cited by 66 publications

References 71 publications

Association of Food Intake Quality with Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients from Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study

Association of Food Intake Quality with Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients from Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study

Economic and social factors affecting the epidemiological process of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus

Dietary Behaviors and Incident COVID-19 in the UK Biobank

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