Negative Childbirth Experience and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder - A Study Among Postpartum Women in South India

Shiva, Lakshmi; Desai, Geetha; Satyanarayana, Veena A.; Venkataram, Padmalatha; Chandra, Prabha S.

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.640014

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…7 Pregnancy can be responsible for loss of energy and major changes in appetite and sleep, but these can also be signs of depression. 8 Furthermore, motherhood and role changes can also affect the mental health of new mothers causing postnatal depression. 9 , 10 During the period before and after childbirth, women experience huge hormonal fluctuations, which can lead to a high risk of expressing mood disorders and depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking Patterns and Anxiety Factors Among Women Expressing Perinatal Depression

Anastasopoulou

Bonotis

Hatzoglou

et al. 2022

Women's Health Reports

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Background: Relationships among perinatal depression occurring a number of weeks before and after childbirth and smoking have been identified. Depression may lead to the inability to abstain from smoking during pregnancy. Objectives: This study aims to determine factors affecting smoking during pregnancy revealing potential relationships between depression and smoking patterns during and after pregnancy. Methods: A total of 206 mothers participated in the study. Data were collected through self-reporting as respondents were asked to answer questionnaires during the 12th week of pregnancy, during the 30th week of pregnancy, after childbirth, and during the period after pregnancy. Relationships between smoking behavior, sociodemographic variables, and feelings of perinatal depression were examined using chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis. A follow-up investigation has been conducted after 2 years revealing the percentage of women returning to their smoking habits. Results: Smokers before ( B = 0.568; p = 0.026) and during pregnancy ( B = 1.238; p = 0.009) were more likely to express depression before childbirth. Average daily cigarette consumption before ( B = 1.110; p = 0.001) and during pregnancy ( B = 1.167; p = 0.002) was associated with depression during pregnancy. Women who smoked during pregnancy reported significantly more depressive symptoms after pregnancy ( B = 1.757; p = 0.005) compared with nonsmokers and smokers who abstained during pregnancy. Average daily cigarette consumption during pregnancy ( B = 1.402; p = 0.002) affects the expression of depression after pregnancy. Women who smoked before pregnancy ( B = 0.568; p = 0.025) and their average daily cigarette consumption before pregnancy ( B = 1.465; p = 0.025) were highly associated with the inability to abstain from smoking during pregnancy. However, the knowledge of risks of maternal smoking during pregnancy ( B = −1.110; p = 0.001) and medical consult on abstaining ( B = −1.238; p = 0.009) reinforced the maternal attempt to quit smoking. The follow-up investigation revealed an elevated amount of women returning to previous smoking patterns. Discussion: Perinatal depression is associated with smoking patterns during pregnancy. Assessment of depression and smoking is needed throughout perinatal period to support the health of women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 9 , 10 During the period before and after childbirth, women experience huge hormonal fluctuations, which can lead to a high risk of expressing mood disorders and depression. 7 , 8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking Patterns and Anxiety Factors Among Women Expressing Perinatal Depression

Anastasopoulou

Bonotis

Hatzoglou

et al. 2022

Women's Health Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Childbirth complications, such as lower likelihood of co-homing, lack of skin-to-skin contact, and an absent of breastfeeding, have been associated with PTSD after birth [ 19 ]. These birth complications can be traced to problems in the newborn itself, such as newborn admission to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) [ 21 , 22 , 26 , 27 ], newborn admission to incubator [ 28 ], newborn admission to neonatal intermediate care, lower neonatal birth-weight [ 19 ], and infant experiencing actual or threatened injury [ 10 ]. Other factors related to PTSD are having a preterm birth (OR = 3.8; 95% CI = 0.27–53.16) [ 16 ], giving birth before arriving at hospital [ 24 ], primiparity (OR = 3.84; 95% CI = 0.99–2.11) [ 19 ], the Kristeller’s manoeuvre, lack of analgesic use during labour, or general anaesthesia [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after Childbirth: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after birth has generated a growing interest in recent years. Although some risk factors associated with PTSD have been studied, information is still scarce to date on risk factors associated with PTSD. This systematic review aims to identify risk factors associated with the diagnosis of PTSD after childbirth. Methods: We searched on PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases, from inception to May 2022. Quality assessment of the articles was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment (“NOQAS”) scale. This systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were women with age ≥ 18 years; articles in English or Spanish; articles focused on physical, social, psychological, medical-obstetric, and environmental risk factors. Results: A total of n = 17,675 women were included among the studies in this systematic review. The main risk factors associated with PTSD after birth were obstetric interventions and obstetric violence such as emergency caesarean section or a non-compliant birth plan, a previous mental illness, having suffered from of a traumatic event or depression and/or anxiety, and having poor social support throughout pregnancy and/or during birth. Conclusions: Obstetric interventions, obstetric violence, experiencing a traumatic event or depression and/or anxiety, and a previous mental illness are factors associated with the diagnosis of PTSD after birth. Protective factors are multiparity, adherence to the mother’s birth plan and skin-to-skin contact.

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“…So, if women felt cared for during the labor process, the overall experience of childbirth might be described as positive, despite the physical complications. The participants' mental experience was the most important predictor of post-traumatic stress symptoms [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Relationship of Childbirth Experience with Mother-Infant Bonding and Child's Growth and Development

Azarkish

Malakouti²,

Mirghafourvand³

2022

J Holist Nurs Midwifery

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Introduction: The negative experience of childbirth has many consequences for the mother and the baby. This study analyzed the relationship of childbirth experience with mother-infant bonding and the child's growth and development. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the participants were 216 eligible women selected from all health centers in Zanjan City, Iran (36 health centers), using the census method. Data collection tools were as follows: childbirth experience questionnaire 2.0, postpartum bonding questionnaire, anthropometric indices checklist, and developmental age and stages questionnaire. The Pearson correlation test was used to determine the relationship of variables in univariate analysis, and a general linear model was used in the multivariate analysis. Results: The mean ± SD of the participants was 29.0 ± 5.7 years. Less than half of the studied women (40.3%) had a diploma, and most wanted pregnancy (94.9%). The mean ± SD scores of the childbirth experience and postpartum bondings were 2.6 ± 0.5 (score range: 1-4) and 6.6 ± 2.7 (score range: 0-125), respectively. Regarding child development, the highest mean score was in the domain of problem-solving (56.8 ± 5.7), and the lowest was in the domain of communication (50.1 ± 8.3). The results of the Pearson correlation test showed that the childbirth experience had a significant inverse correlation with the mother-infant bonding (r = -0.23, P = 0.001) and a significant direct correlation with fine motions (r = 0.18, P = 0.007). The results of the general linear model after adjusting the socio-demographic and obstetrics characteristics showed that the postpartum bonding score was lower in women with a more positive childbirth experience, which was also an indication of a better bonding (B= -2.92, 95% CI; -4.85 to -0.98, P = 0.003). Besides, the fine motor score was higher in women with a positive childbirth experience (B= 3.11, 95% CI: 0.733-5.487, P = 0.011). Conclusion: Considering the correlation between the variables of childbirth experience and mother-infant bonding and child development in the domain of fine motor, health providers must do their best to create positive childbirth experiences for the women to improve the mother-infant bonding and child development domains.

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Negative Childbirth Experience and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder - A Study Among Postpartum Women in South India

Cited by 19 publications

References 51 publications

Smoking Patterns and Anxiety Factors Among Women Expressing Perinatal Depression

Smoking Patterns and Anxiety Factors Among Women Expressing Perinatal Depression

Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after Childbirth: A Systematic Review

The Relationship of Childbirth Experience with Mother-Infant Bonding and Child's Growth and Development

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