Negative Correlation between Brain Glutathione Level and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A 3T 1H-MRS Study

Matsuzawa, Daisuke; Obata, Takayuki; Shirayama, Yukihiko; Nonaka, Hiroi; Kanazawa, Yôko; Yoshitome, Eiji; Takanashi, Jun‐ichi; Matsuda, Tsuyoshi; Shimizu, Eiji; Ikehira, Hiroo; Iyo, Masaomi; Hashimoto, Kenji

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001944

Cited by 193 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It has been suggested that differences in task performance may be a confounding factor in studies of schizophrenia. Several studies have reported that schizophrenia patients perform poorly in the alphabet or kanji Stroop task in comparison to healthy controls (4,21,28). In the present study, we observed no significant differences between healthy subjects and schizophrenia patients in performance of the kana Stroop task, probably because the patients were mild cases with relatively high levels of intelligence who were receiving maintenance treatment.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy reveals reduced prefrontal activation in schizophrenia patients during performance of the kana Stroop task

et al. 2012

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: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the activity of frontal lobe of patients with schizophrenia during performance of two Japanese versions of the Stroop task (kana and kanji) by measuring changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Fourteen schizophrenia patients and 14 age-and gender-matched healthy control subjects participated in the study after giving consent. The relative changes of concentrations of oxyHb were measured by NIRS during performance of the Stroop task. Significant Stroop effects, as measured by the number of correct responses, were observed with both the kana and the kanji versions. Analysis of NIRS data revealed that the schizophrenia patients showed reduced activation in the prefrontal cortex compared to healthy controls during performance of the kana Stroop task, and that both schizophrenia patients and healthy controls showed lack of activity in the prefrontal cortex during performance of the kanji Stroop task. The results of the present study suggest the possibility that the kana Stroop task cause a greater Stroop effect than the kanji Stroop task, and schizophrenia patients show decreased prefrontal vascular reactivity associated with the inhibition required during the performance of the kana Stroop task. J. Med. Invest. 59 : 45-52, February, 2012

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy reveals reduced prefrontal activation in schizophrenia patients during performance of the kana Stroop task

et al. 2012

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“…Therefore, studies examining antioxidant parameters in patients with schizophrenia are confl icting. Some studies have shown increased antioxidant levels in patients with schizophrenia (23)(24)(25)(26), while some have shown a decrease (22,27,28), and still some have found no change (29)(30)(31). Our results showed an increase in oxidant levels and no change in antioxidants in patients with schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Elevated nucleosome level and oxidative stress in schizophrenia patients

Bahçeci¹,

Mh²,

Us³

et al. 2015

BLL

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AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxidative stress on nucleosome levels and its relation with the clinical features in schizophrenia patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty schizophrenia patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects matched to the patients with regard to age and gender and who had no history of any psychiatric disorder. The severity of schizophrenia symptoms in the patients was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale (CGI-S). Physical and neurological examinations were performed in each of the patients and controls. RESULTS: Nucleosome, total oxidant levels and OSI values were higher in schizophrenia patients than in controls (p < 0.05). There was no signifi cant difference in the total antioxidant levels. There was a positive correlation between the nucleosome level and PANSS positive subscale (p = 0.028, r = 0.402). There was a positive correlation between TAS and age (p = 0.025, r = 0.289), PANSS total (p < 0.001, r = 0.604). There was a negative correlation between OSI and PANSS total (p = 0.019, r = -0.427), PANSS positive subscale (p = 0.043, r = -0.372). There was a negative correlation between TOS and PANS total (p = 0.028, r = -0.402). CONCLUSION: In this study we found a correlation between nucleosome level and PANSS positive subscale. To our knowledge, this is the fi rst study that evaluates oxidative stress and nucleosomes released from apoptotic cells together (Tab. 2, Ref. 50). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

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“…Four other studies reported no statistically significant differences in glutathione levels in the posterior medial frontal cortex [23], mPFC [24] or anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) [25,26]. However, two out of the four found a trend toward reduced glutathione in schizophrenia [24,25] and in one, lowered levels of glutathione were associated with negative symptoms [24]. On balance, these studies of predominantly wellestablished cases of schizophrenia indicate a tendency toward reduced glutathione.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Another recent study reported reduced glutathione only in schizophrenia patients carrying a risk variant of the gene coding for the ratelimiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis [22]. Four other studies reported no statistically significant differences in glutathione levels in the posterior medial frontal cortex [23], mPFC [24] or anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) [25,26]. However, two out of the four found a trend toward reduced glutathione in schizophrenia [24,25] and in one, lowered levels of glutathione were associated with negative symptoms [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione and glutamate in schizophrenia: a 7T MRS study

et al. 2018

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In schizophrenia, abnormal neural metabolite concentrations may arise from cortical damage following neuroinflammatory processes implicated in acute episodes. Inflammation is associated with increased glutamate, whereas the antioxidant glutathione may protect against inflammation-induced oxidative stress. We hypothesized that patients with stable schizophrenia would exhibit a reduction in glutathione, glutamate, and/or glutamine in the cerebral cortex, consistent with a post-inflammatory response, and that this reduction would be most marked in patients with "residual schizophrenia", in whom an early stage with positive psychotic symptoms has progressed to a late stage characterized by long-term negative symptoms and impairments. We recruited 28 patients with stable schizophrenia and 45 healthy participants matched for age, gender, and parental socio-economic status. We measured glutathione, glutamate and glutamine concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left insula, and visual cortex using 7T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Glutathione and glutamate were significantly correlated in all three voxels. Glutamine concentrations across the three voxels were significantly correlated with each other. Principal components analysis (PCA) produced three clear components: an ACC glutathione-glutamate component; an insula-visual glutathione-glutamate component; and a glutamine component. Patients with stable schizophrenia had significantly lower scores on the ACC glutathione-glutamate component, an effect almost entirely leveraged by the sub-group of patients with residual schizophrenia. All three metabolite concentration values in the ACC were significantly reduced in this group. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that excitotoxicity during the acute phase of illness leads to reduced glutathione and glutamate in the residual phase of the illness.

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Negative Correlation between Brain Glutathione Level and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A 3T 1H-MRS Study

Cited by 193 publications

References 38 publications

Multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy reveals reduced prefrontal activation in schizophrenia patients during performance of the kana Stroop task

Multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy reveals reduced prefrontal activation in schizophrenia patients during performance of the kana Stroop task

Elevated nucleosome level and oxidative stress in schizophrenia patients

Glutathione and glutamate in schizophrenia: a 7T MRS study

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