Negative effects of abamectin on soil microbial communities in the short term

Abstract

With the widespread use of abamectin in agriculture, there is increasing urgency to assess the effects of abamectin on soil microorganisms. Here, we treated plant–soil microcosms with abamectin at concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg and quantified the impacts of abamectin on bulk and rhizosphere soil microbial communities by shotgun metagenomics after 7 and 21 days of exposure. Although abamectin was reported to be easily degradable, it altered the composition of the soil microbial communities, disrupted microbial interactions, and decreased community complexity and stability after 7 days of exposure. After treatment with abamectin at a concentration of 1.0 mg/kg, some opportunistic human diseases, and soil-borne pathogens like Ralstonia were enriched in the soil. However, most ecological functions in soil, particularly the metabolic capacities of microorganisms, recovered within 21 days after abamectin treatment. The horizontal and vertical gene transfer under abamectin treatments increased the levels of antibiotic resistance genes dissemination. Overall, our findings demonstrated the negative effects of abamectin on soil ecosystems in the short-term and highlight a possible long-term risk to public and soil ecosystem health associated with antibiotic resistance genes dissemination.

Adaptation of Rhizosphere Microbial Communities to Continuous Exposure to Multiple Residual Antibiotics in Vegetable Farms

“…The two most abundant phyla in the vegetable roots were Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria , which can promote plant growth and produce secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties [ 56 ]. The dominant bacterial phyla in vegetable roots were observed to be significantly grown in experiments involving veterinary antibiotics exposure, which are known to contain bacteria with tolerance and degradation capabilities [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. In addition, Bacteroidetes were abundant in the vegetable roots, which facilitates the degradation of macromolecules, such as starch, cellulose, or proteins [ 55 , 56 ].…”

“…Laboratory experiments have shown that the antibiotic activity of a microbial community is influenced by the concentration, exposure time, and type of antibiotic [ 15 ]. Antibiotic effects can be attributed to single species such as Aeromonashydrophila , Aeromonassalmonicida , and Ediwardsiellatarda , as well as larger microbial communities such as fungi and bacteria [ 15 , 16 ]. Observations have shown that the percentages of some classes, including Bacilli , Bacteroidia and Gammaproteobacteria , have significantly grown in experiments involving veterinary antibiotics exposure, which are known to contain bacteria with tolerance and degradation capabilities [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

“…Antibiotic effects can be attributed to single species such as Aeromonashydrophila , Aeromonassalmonicida , and Ediwardsiellatarda , as well as larger microbial communities such as fungi and bacteria [ 15 , 16 ]. Observations have shown that the percentages of some classes, including Bacilli , Bacteroidia and Gammaproteobacteria , have significantly grown in experiments involving veterinary antibiotics exposure, which are known to contain bacteria with tolerance and degradation capabilities [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes , both of which are known to contain antibiotic resistance genes, are often seen to be forming communities that are resistant to antibiotics after a prolonged period of antibiotic usage [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Influence of the Antibiotic Oxytetracycline on the Morphometric Characteristics and Endophytic Bacterial Community of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

“…The results obtained are in line with those presented in the scientific literature. Indeed, antibiotics caused alterations in endospheric bacterial communities' structures [32,62,64], and those alterations were more pronounced in the root endosphere compared with the leaf endosphere [65,66].…”

Developing an Effective Push–Pull System for Managing Outbreaks of the Invasive Pest Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Nephelium lappaceum Orchards

“…It is also known to have low toxicity towards avian species and humans [37,38]. However, certain studies show that it is classified as a highly toxic pesticide for mice and rats and has negative effects on soil microbial communities in the short term [39]. To preserve the ecofriendliness of these push-pull strategies, a low concentration of abamectin was used in all the experiments.…”