Negative Effects of Excessive Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization in a Replanted Apple Orchard

Sadowski, A.; Scibisz, K.; Tomala, K.; Kozanecka, T.; Kepka, Miloslav

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1988.233.14

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…For identification and comparisons of the tors associated with ARD include phytotoxic soil residues (Benson et al, 1978), nutrient imbalance (Sadowski et al, 1988), and low soil pH or compaction (Mai and Abawi, 1981). The commonly used dwarfing apple rootstocks are susceptible to ARD, and the more vigorous rootstocks with partial ARD tolerance are not suitable for the preferred high-density plantings (Allen and Marks, 1977;Costante et al, 1987).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malus Germplasm Varies in Resistance or Tolerance to Apple Replant Disease in a Mixture of New York Orchard Soils

Isutsa¹,

Merwin²

2000

HortSci

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We tested 40 seedling lots and 17 clonal accessions—representing 941 genotypes and 19 species or interspecific hybrids of Malus—for their resistance or tolerance to apple replant disease (ARD) in a mixture of five New York soils with known replant problems. Total plant biomass, root necrosis, root-infesting fungi, and root-lesion nematode (RLN; Pratylenchus penetrans Cobb) or dagger nematode (DN; Xiphinema americanum Cobb) populations were evaluated in apple seedlings and clones grown for ≈60 days in the composite soil. In addition to phytophagous nematodes, various Pythium, Cylindrocarpon, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Phytophthora species were isolated from roots grown in the test soil. Plant growth response was categorized by a relative biomass index (RBI), calculated as total plant dry weight in the pasteurized field soil (PS) minus that in an unpasteurized field soil (FS), divided by PS. Nematode reproduction on each genotype was defined by a relative reproduction index (RRI), calculated as final nematode populations in roots and soil (Pf) minus initial soil populations (Pi), divided by Pi. The RBI, RRI, and other responses of accessions to ARD soil were used to rate their resistance, tolerance, or susceptibility to apple replant disease. None of the accessions was completely resistant to ARD pathogens in our test soil. Seedling accessions of M. sieversii Roem. and M. kirghisorum Ponom. appeared to have some tolerance to ARD, based upon their low RRIs and RBIs. Three clonal rootstock accessions (G.65, CG.6210, and G.30), and four other clones (M. baccata Borkh.—1883.h, M. xanthocarpa Langenf.—Xan, M. spectabilis Borkh.— PI589404, and M. mandshurica Schneid.—364.s) were categorized as tolerant to ARD. The disease response of other accessions was rated as susceptible or too variable to classify. We concluded that sources of genetic tolerance to ARD exist in Malus germplasm collections and could be used in breeding and selecting clonal rootstocks for improved control of orchard replant pathogens.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malus Germplasm Varies in Resistance or Tolerance to Apple Replant Disease in a Mixture of New York Orchard Soils

Isutsa¹,

Merwin²

2000

HortSci

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“…Antagonistic effects of K on Mg, especially under inadequate Mg supply conditions, are a crucial factor influencing Mg-related functions in several crops, including tomato [42,44], green bean [45], potato [46], rice [47], grape [48], and apple [49]. The present study showed that an increasing K concentration in solution adversely affected the leaf Ca and Mg concentrations.…”

Section: K Application Influenced Cherry Tomato Growth By Regulating mentioning

confidence: 57%

Critical Leaf Magnesium Concentrations for Adequate Photosynthate Production of Soilless Cultured Cherry Tomato—Interaction with Potassium

et al. 2020

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Magnesium (Mg) is essential to many plant physiological and biochemical processes; however, understanding how Mg nutrition quantitatively affects the production, partitioning, and utilization of photoassimilates is still lacking, especially in soilless culture systems. We focused on the roles of Mg in yield formation and interactions with potassium (K) nutrition of cherry tomato. Cherry tomato yield, photosynthetic parameters, dry matter weight, and K, Mg, and calcium (Ca) uptake were investigated in two soilless experiments with seven Mg levels and five K levels. The results showed that low (<1 mM) and high (>4 mM) Mg supply limited cherry tomato yield by decreasing dry matter accumulation by 22.6–78.1% and harvest index by 13.9–40.7%. The critical leaf Mg concentrations required for adequate photosynthate production in the first and second harvest periods were 4.67 and 5.52 g·kg−1, respectively. However, over-supply of Mg reduced leaf K and Ca concentrations and limited plant uptake of K and Ca. Moreover, adjusting K concentrations in solution could influence plant Mg functions in photosynthesis and, therefore, cherry tomato growth. Overall, balanced Mg and K application increased Mg, K, and Ca uptake, as well as Mg concentrations in leaves, which could maintain a sustainable photosynthetic rate and plant dry matter formation.

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“…Antagonistic effects of K on Mg, especially under inadequate Mg supply conditions, are a crucial factor influencing Mg-related functions in several crops, including tomato [26], sugarbeet [41], green bean [42], potato [43], rice [44], grape [45] and apple [46]. The present study showed that an increasing K concentration in solution adversely affected the leaf Ca and Mg concentrations.…”

Section: K Application Influenced Cherry Tomato Growth By Regulating mentioning

confidence: 61%

Magnesium supply regulate leaf nutrition and plant growth of soilless cultured cherry tomato - interaction with potassium

Guan

Wang

Bin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Magnesium (Mg) is essential to many plant physiological and biochemical processes; however, a quantitative understanding of how Mg nutrition affects the production, partitioning and utilization of photoassimilates is still lacking, especially for soilless culture system. We focused on the roles of Mg in yield formation and interactions with potassium (K) nutrition of cherry tomato. Cherry tomato yield, leaf Mg concentration, photosynthetic parameters, dry matter weight and K, Mg and calcium (Ca) uptake were investigated in two soilless experiments with seven Mg levels and five K levels.Results: Low (<1 mM) and high (>4 mM) Mg supply limited cherry tomato yield by decreasing 22.6-78.1% dry matter accumulation and 13.9-40.7% harvest index. The critical leaf Mg concentrations required for adequate photosynthate production in the first and second harvest periods were 4.67 and 5.52 g kg –1 , respectively. But over-supply of Mg disturbed leaf K and Ca concentrations, limiting the plant K and Ca content. Moreover, adjusting K concentrations in solution is a crucial factor influencing plant Mg functions, and therefore cherry tomato growth.Conclusion: Balanced Mg and K application increased Mg, K, and Ca uptake by cherry tomato, as well as Mg concentrations in leaves which could maintain a sustainable photosynthetic rate and plant dry matter formation.

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Negative Effects of Excessive Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization in a Replanted Apple Orchard

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Malus Germplasm Varies in Resistance or Tolerance to Apple Replant Disease in a Mixture of New York Orchard Soils

Malus Germplasm Varies in Resistance or Tolerance to Apple Replant Disease in a Mixture of New York Orchard Soils

Critical Leaf Magnesium Concentrations for Adequate Photosynthate Production of Soilless Cultured Cherry Tomato—Interaction with Potassium

Magnesium supply regulate leaf nutrition and plant growth of soilless cultured cherry tomato - interaction with potassium

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