Negative immunomodulation by parasitic infections in the human response to vaccines

Álvarez-Larrotta, Catalina; Arango, Eliana; Carmona‐Fonseca, Jaime

doi:10.3855/jidc.10337

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The effect of helminth infections on immunization responses has been previously reviewed 16,17 . The most recent review combined data from both human studies and animal experiments for all vaccine types and concluded that immune responses to vaccines were negatively affected by presence of ‘parasitic’ infections, defined to include helminths, protozoa, bacteria and viruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of helminth infections on immunization responses has been previously reviewed. 16,17 The most recent review combined data from both human studies and animal experiments for all vaccine types and concluded that immune responses to vaccines were negatively affected by presence of 'parasitic' infections, defined to include helminths, protozoa, bacteria and viruses. Interpretation of these combined results is challenging, since humans may respond differently to parasite exposure than animals, and animal experiments are a more controlled environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The effect of helminth infection on vaccine responses in humans and animal models: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Natukunda

Zirimenya

Nassuuna

et al. 2022

Parasite Immunology

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Vaccination has potential to eliminate infectious diseases. However, parasitic infections such as helminths may hinder vaccines from providing optimal protection. We reviewed existing literature on the effects of helminth infections and their treatment on vaccine responses in humans and animals. We searched literature until 31 January 2022 in Medline, EMBASE, Global health, Scopus, and Web of science; search terms included WHO licensed vaccines and human helminth types. Standardized mean differences (SMD) in vaccine responses between helminth infected and uninfected or anthelminthic treated and untreated individuals were obtained from each study with suitable data for meta‐analysis, and combined using a random effects model. Analysis was stratified by whether helminth exposure was direct or prenatal and by vaccine type. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019123074). Of the 4402 articles identified, 37 were included in the review of human studies and 24 for animal experiments. For human studies, regardless of vaccine type, overall SMD for helminth uninfected/treated, compared to infected/untreated, was 0.56 (95% CI 0.04–1.07 and I2 = 93.5%) for direct helminth exposure and 0.01 (95% CI −0.04 to 0.07 and I2 = 85.9%) for prenatal helminth exposure. Effects of anthelminthic treatment were inconsistent, with no overall benefit shown. Results differed by vaccine type, with responses to live vaccines most affected by helminth exposure. For animal studies, the most affected vaccine was BCG. This result indicates that helminth‐associated impairment of vaccine responses is more severe for direct, than for prenatal, helminth exposure. Further research is needed to ascertain whether deworming of individuals before vaccination may help improve responses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of helminth infection on vaccine responses in humans and animal models: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Natukunda

Zirimenya

Nassuuna

et al. 2022

Parasite Immunology

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“…Epidemiological surveys have found that mass vaccination is sometimes less effective than expected, especially in developing countries [ 7 , 8 ].The century-old Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and measles vaccines are reported to be less effective in Africa and Southeast Asia than in developed countries [ 9 , 10 ]. The failure of vaccination to achieve the desired protective effect is not only related to technical reasons, such as vaccine quality and vaccination method, but also related to environmental exposure, one of which is the prevalence of helminth infections in many regions around the world [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that helminth infections affect more than a quarter of the population, and more than 880 million children require treatment for these parasite diseases, including approximately 350 million in the African region [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Role for Old Friends: Effects of Helminth Infections on Vaccine Efficacy

Zhu¹,

Liu²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Pathogens

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Vaccines are one of the most successful medical inventions to enable the eradication or control of common and fatal diseases. Environmental exposure of hosts, including helminth infections, plays an important role in immune responses to vaccines. Given that helminth infections are among the most common infectious diseases in the world, evaluating vaccine efficiency in helminth-infected populations may provide critical information for selecting optimal vaccination programs. Here, we reviewed the effects of helminth infections on vaccination and its underlying immunological mechanisms, based on findings from human studies and animal models. Moreover, the potential influence of helminth infections on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was also discussed. Based on these findings, there is an urgent need for anthelmintic treatments to eliminate helminth suppressive impacts on vaccination effectiveness during implementing mass vaccination in parasite endemic areas.

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Proteomic profile of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles from Colombian pregnant women with Plasmodium-soil transmitted helminths coinfection

Martínez-Moreno,

Ayllon-Hermida,

Barnadas-Carceller

et al. 2024

Front. Malar.

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IntroductionExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed nanoparticles, secreted by all cell types. Information regarding EVs and their molecular cargo in gestational parasitic infections, particularly those caused by Plasmodium and soil-transmitted helminths (STH), remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to perform isolation and molecular characterization of plasma-derived EVs from Colombian pregnant women and compare quantity, size, concentration and protein cargo of those EVs according to the infectious status, to investigate if parasite-derived proteins could be detected as biological cargo of circulating EVs of pregnant women infected with Plasmodium, STH and co-infections.Materials and methodsA descriptive study with 5 groups was performed: 1) Pregnant women with Plasmodium infection (n=10). 2) Pregnant women with STH infection (n=14). 3) Pregnant women with coinfection Plasmodium and STH (n=14). 4) Pregnant women without infection with Plasmodium nor STH (n=10). 5) Non-pregnant women without infection with Plasmodium nor STH (n=6). Plasma-derived EVs were isolated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and fractions containing EVs identified by a bead-based flow cytometric assay for CD9; the size and concentration of EVs were quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis, and proteins associated with EVs were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in a pool of samples per study group.ResultsThere were no statistical differences in expression of the CD9 EVs marker among study groups. The size range of EVs was more variable in the three infected groups (100-700 nm) compared to the size range of the uninfected groups (50-300 nm). A total of 823 quantifiable proteins with measurable abundance values were identified within the five study groups. Of the total quantifiable proteins, 758 were identified as human, six proteins pertained to P. vivax, fifteen to Trichiuris trichiura, and one to hookworms. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD051270.DiscussionThis is the first study that identifies proteins from Plasmodium and STH in EVs isolated from pregnant women. The identification of such proteins from neglected tropical parasites accounting for a major burden of disease worldwide, open the possibilities of studying their physiological role during infections as well as exploring them for antigen discovery, vaccine development and biomarker discovery.

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Negative immunomodulation by parasitic infections in the human response to vaccines

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

The effect of helminth infection on vaccine responses in humans and animal models: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

The effect of helminth infection on vaccine responses in humans and animal models: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

A New Role for Old Friends: Effects of Helminth Infections on Vaccine Efficacy

Proteomic profile of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles from Colombian pregnant women with Plasmodium-soil transmitted helminths coinfection

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